Lecture 5: Research Involving Twins: Insights into what it is to be human

Question 1

With twins

Answer 1

• you can study whatever you want
• twins have to consent to being involved in the study
• can use special feature derived from the twins
• improve the health being of all Australians-purpose for twin registry
• provide more clarity in identifying cause of disease and health
• sometimes the researchers are twins as well

Question 2

close biometric twin design

Answer 2

-work out relative role of genes in environment

Question 3

case control studies

Answer 3

-different for disease or environment exposure

Question 4

co-twin control study

Answer 4

-use a placebo and exposure and switch between the two

Question 5

issues relevant specifically to twins

Answer 5

• uniqueness of twin relationships

- both positive and negative

Question 6

epigenetics

Answer 6

• the way the environment changes the way the genes react

- twin study critical

Question 7

twin study for epilepsy

Answer 7

• some children have predisposition and some don’t
• Sam found epilepsy with inheritable departments
• led to discovery

Question 8

mammogram density

Answer 8

• use to find tumor earlier
• problem finding cancer with large mass
• hiding breast tumor
• amount of white stuff actually produces breast cancer

Question 9

nested case control study

Answer 9

• case control study that move forward in time
• compare women mammograms with those that have the same mammogram of a person with breast cancer that has similar traits in age and genetics

Question 10

conduct questionare

Answer 10

-did a mammogram and conducted mammogram density

Question 11

incredible variation in mammogram density

Answer 11

• lines represent same body mass index

- higher density in younger age than older age