Lecture 2:What I need to know

Question 1

reproductive system in males

Answer 1

starts in the seminiferous tubules in testis then epipidymis then vas deferens then glands then seminal vesicle and leaves through urethra

Question 2

reproductive system in females

Answer 2

starts in the ovary then to fallopian tube or oviduct where fertilization may or may not happen then to uterus then cervix and leaves through vagina

Question 3

gamete production in males

Answer 3

starts at puberty and theoretically can go until death

Question 4

gamete production in females

Answer 4

starts before birth and has a finite time

Question 5

spermatogenesis (when, where, outcome)

Answer 5

• when: during puberty
• where: in the seminiferous tubules
• outcome: 4 sperm cell per spermatogonium

Question 6

oogenesis (when, where, outcome)

Answer 6

• when :starts before birth and goes into puberty
• where: ovary
• outcome: 1 ovum and three polar bodies if fertilization occurs

Question 7

fertilization-where and how

Answer 7

• where: fallopian tube or oviduct
• how: millions of sperm try to penetrate the outer cells of the egg (corona radiata) and some do; then the few sperm reaches the zona pellucida of which one or two will reach the prtivitelline space of and one spem will release its DNA into the egg’s cell membrane

Question 8

fertilization issues for males

Answer 8

• absence or poorly formed sperm
• hostile vagina-antibodis to sperm
• prostate enlargement-seminal fluid
• varicocele
• hormonal:low or high testosterone
• environmental factors
• impotence
• sexually transmitted disease including chlamydia
• internal testes (hot spas, tight undies)
• idiosyncratic

Question 9

fertilization issues for females

Answer 9

• hormonal-lack of ovulation
• polycystic ovary disease
• endometriosis
• fibroids
• blocked fallopian tubes
• hostile mucus
• antibodies
• STD including chlamydia
• idiosyncratic

Question 10

intervention for fertility problems

Answer 10

ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) and AI (Artificial insemination) solution when there are some sperm

Question 11

ICSI for viable sperm selected from ejaculate involved:

Answer 11

• low sperm count or motility
• poor sperm morphology (oligospermia)
• anitbodies in male or female

Question 12

ICSI for viable sperm from epididymis and/or testis involve:

Answer 12

-azospermia (no sperm) and necrospermia (dead or immobile sperm)

Question 13

AI

Answer 13

intervention for male or female fertility problems