Lecture 5: Principles of Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

what is pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

describes the effects of a drug on the body

• what medications do to our body and how

Question 2

pharmacodynamics is the

Answer 2

study of the biochemical and physiologic actions of drugs and mechanisms of drug action at the molecular, cellular, tissue (organ), and organism (patient) level

Question 3

The effects of pharmacodynamics are described in quantitive terms in order to

Answer 3

• determine appropriate dose ranges
• to compare potency, efficacy, and safety of one drug to another

Question 4

after a drug has been distributed to its site of action, it elicits a pharmacologic effect

this effect occurs because

Answer 4

of a change in the function of the cell/organism

Question 5

drugs do not impart new functions, they either

1)
2)

Answer 5

produce the same action as the bodys own chemicals or

block the action of the bodys own chemicals

Question 6

drugs or ligands bind to receptors at a cellular level to bring about a drug action

Answer 6

a ligand is an extracellular molecule, such as an antibody, hormone, neurotransmitter, or drug, that binds to a receptor

Question 7

most but not all drugs interact with molecular targets on cells called

Answer 7

receptors

Question 8

what is a receptor?

Answer 8

specialized target molecule that binds a drug and mediates its pharmacological action, the formation of the drug receptor complex leads to a biological response

Question 9

receptors can be present either

Answer 9

on the outside of the cell membrane

inside of the cell membrane

span both sides of the cell membrane

Question 10

a single cell may have hundreds of receptor sites that maybe

Answer 10

metabolic or regulatory enzymes

proteins or glycoproteins associated with cell transport mechanisms

structural and functional components of the cell membrane

nucleic acids

Question 11

what is the study of pharmacodynamics based on ?

Answer 11

concept of drug receptor binding

Question 12

when a drug or an endogenous ligand binds to its receptor a response can result from the

Answer 12

binding action

Question 13

a receptor is either _____ (unoccupied) or ________ (occupied)

Answer 13

free or reversibly bound to a drug

Question 14

unoccupied =

Answer 14

free

Question 15

occupied =

Answer 15

reversibly

Question 16

when sufficient number of cell receptors are bound (occupied) the cumulative effect of receptor occupancy may become apparent in that cell

resulting in the

Answer 16

resulting in the maximal desired response of the interaction

when this response occurs in many cells, the effect can be apparent in the organ and or the patient

Question 17

drugs attach to or interact with receptor sites by

Answer 17

covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, or van der waals bonding to produce a definable pharmacological response

Question 18

hydrogen and ionic bonding are the most common

Answer 18

these interactions require little energy and may be easily broken

Question 19

the lock and key model

what is the lock
what is the key?

Answer 19

enzyme (receptor) is the lock

substrate is the key