Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Emergency Care > Lecture 5: Primary and Secondary Assessments > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Primary and Secondary Assessments Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What is kinetic energy equal to?

A

Kinetic energy= 1/2 mass x velocity^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In the concept of kinetic energy which is more important, mass or velocity?

A

Mass is less important than velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the ideal depth and rate of chest compressions?

A

depths of at least 5cm
rate of 110/ min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What should you attempt before an IO?

A

Attempt IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does AHA stand for?

A

American heart association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the services available at cardiac arrest centers?

A

Hemodynamic support
Neurological expertise
Emergency cardiac catheterization
targeted temperature management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When is defibrillation used?

A

For cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What should you administer for a cardiac arrest due to an opioid overdose?

A

Administer naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the steps to follow for cardiac arrest during pregnancy?

A

EMS should notify healthcare facilities in advance to ensure all resources are available for both infant and mother
focus on maternal resuscitation with prep for perimortem caesarean delivery if necessary
Perform left uterine displacement during CPR to improve perfusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the order of assessment during primary survey?

A

U(EMS/911) ABC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the order of treatment in the primary assessment?

A

CABd(defib)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should be done right after primary assessment in situations where a secondary assessment is indicated?

A

Pulse ox should be place and SpO2 should be noted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What should you do if there is a pulse but the breathing is absent in an adult?

A

2 initial breaths followed by 1 breath every 5-6seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you determine level of responsiveness?

A

With AVPU or the modified Glasgow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does AVPU stand for?

A

Alert
Verbal
Painful
Unresponsive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If someone is alert and responsive x4 what does that mean?

A

alert and responsive x4 means the person is conscious and is able to answer question regarding person, place, time and event correctly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If someone is unconscious what Glasgow’s do they have?

A

they have a glasgow of 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the highest and lowest number you could on the glasgow?

A

15 and 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the Glasgow coma scale?

A

EVM-456

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Eye opening scale of the GCS?

A

4= spontaneous
3= to voice
2= to pain
1= no response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the verbal response scale of the GCS?

A

5= oriented and converses
4= disoriented and converses
3= inappropriate words
2= incomprehensible sounds
1= no response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the motor response scale of the GCS?

A

6= obeys commands
5= localizes pain
4= flexion/withdrawal
3= flexion/ abnormal
2= extension
1= no response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does a GCS lower than 8 require?

A

it requires aggressive resuscitation. Under 8, intubate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When do you determine the actual GCS score?

A

At the end of secondary assessment as part of the vitals. Taken then and every 5 minutes after that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the painful stimuli used to elicit a response when someone is suspected to be unconscious?

A

Triceps pinch
Nailbed pressure
No more sternal rub since ILCOR 2005

26
Q

A survival rate as high as 90% has been reported when defibrillation is achieved within how many minutes of the collapse?

A

within the first minute

27
Q

What is the order of treatment of the secondary assessment?

A

DEFG
disability
epithelial
fracture
General

28
Q

What does SAMPLE stand for?

A

Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medication
Past medical history
Last intake
Events leading to incident

29
Q

What does OPQRST stand for?

A

Onset
Provoke
quality
radiate
severity
time

30
Q

What should you do when assessing the head?

A

Observe for discharge
Assess pupil size
Observe for bruising behind ears
Reassess airway
Look for blood or clear fluid coming from ears, nose or mouth

31
Q

What should you do when assessing the neck?

A

Assess for abnormalities in the airway, tracheal deviation, jugular vein distension/ flatness, cervical trauma

32
Q

How would you assess the chest and back?

A

Assess for abnormalities
Look and listen for more subtle signs of breathing difficulties

33
Q

What should you do when assessing the abdomen?

A

gently feel the top of the abdomen
palpate for: rigidity and tenderness

34
Q

What should you do when assessing the pelvis?

A

observe for incontinence and or blood
place hands on both side of pelvis: in-flare, alternate rotation.
DO NOT open book a potential pelvic fracture

35
Q

If you suspect a pelvic fracture while assessing the pelvis what should you do?

A

Maintain manual stabilization until a pelvic binder is attached. Remember to rule out femoral fractures before applying a SAM pelvic binder

36
Q

What should you do when assessing the lower and upper extremities?

A

Palpate for deformities
PMSC x2

37
Q

When should vitals be done in a sport medicine setting?

A

within 3-5 minutes of arrival and every 5 minutes thereafter (if stable- every 15 minutes)

38
Q

What are the 4 vital signs?

A

Pulse,
Vent rate,
BP,
Pulse Ox

39
Q

What are the average pulse values?

A

adult: 60-80 bpm
child: 80-100 bpm
toddler: 100-120
athlete: 50-60

40
Q

What are some interpretations of a rapid/shallow ventilatory rate?

A

shock, bleeding, heat exhaustion

41
Q

What are some interpretations of a rapid/deep ventilatory rate?

A

cheyne-stokes, neurologic, metabolic

42
Q

What are some interpretations of a prolonged expiratory ventilatory rate?

A

Lower airway obstruction, asthma

43
Q

What are some interpretations of a prolonged inspiratory ventilatory rate?

A

upper airway obstruction

44
Q

What are some interpretations of a deep gasping labored ventilatory rate?

A

obstructive, chest injury

45
Q

What are some interpretations of an absent ventilatory rate?

A

obstructive, respiratory arrest, many cases

46
Q

What are some interpretations of a bright frothy coughed up blood ventilatory rate?

A

lung injury

47
Q

What are the different systolic rate of the different pulses?

A

radial pulse: 80 mmHg
Brachial pulse: at least 70 mmHg
Femoral pulse: at least 70 mmHg
Carotid pulse: at least 60 mmHg

48
Q

When should you start O2 therapy?

A

Below 93% O2 saturation

49
Q

Should you give supplemental O2 for acute stroke/MI when their SpO2 is between 93-100%?

A

NO

50
Q

What are some interpretations of a cool/clammy skin?

A

shock, bleeding, heat exhaustion

51
Q

What are some interpretations of a hot/moist skin?

A

reaction to increased temperature, exercise

52
Q

What are some interpretations of a hot/dry skin?

A

heat stroke, high fever

53
Q

What are contraindications to rectal temperature taking?

A

cardiac issues (vagus nerve stimulation)
Hemorrhoids
Recent rectal surgery
Diarrhea

54
Q

What are the different GCS scores possible for a brain injury?

A

Concussion: GCS from 15-13 (minor brain injury)
GCS: 12-8 (moderate brain injury)
GCS: 7-3 (severe head injury, intubate)

55
Q

What can indicate the presence of life-threatening TBI?

A

GCS< 14 in combo with abnormal pupil exam

56
Q

What is a decorticate posture?

A

elbows/ wrist flexed to chest legs in extension

57
Q

What is a decerebrate posture?

A

elbows extended, forearm pronated, wrist flexed

58
Q

What should the vitals look like when in physiological shock?

A

decreased BP
Increased pulse
Increased ventilatory rate

59
Q

What should the vitals look like when in neurogenic shock

A

decreased BP
No change in pulse

60
Q

What should the vitals look like with Cushings signs?

A

increased BP
decreased pulse
increased temperature
change in ventilatory rate
increase in intercranial pressure

Emergency Care (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions