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Infectious Diseases Midterm 1 > Lecture 5: Parasitology > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Human Parasite Major Groups

A
  1. Protozoa
  2. Helminthes
  3. Arthropods (sometimes)
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2
Q

Protozoan parsites grouped into

A
  1. Ciliates
  2. Ameobae
  3. Flagellates
  4. Apicomplexans
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3
Q

Helminthic Parasites

A
  1. Nematoda (roundworms)

2. Platyhelminths (Flatworms(

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4
Q

Protozoa

A

soil and aquatic

live in the guts of insects and mammals

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5
Q

Types of Playthelminths or Flatworms

A
  1. Turbellaria (free-living predators or scavengers)

2. Monogenea, Cestoda, Trematoda = Parastic

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6
Q

Monogeneans

A

ectoparasites of fish

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7
Q

Cestodes

A

endoparasitic tapeworms

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8
Q

Trematodes

A

endoparasites or ectoparasites

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9
Q

Parasitic infections are among the most prevelent infectious diseases worldwide

A

Ascariasis is most prevalent although may never show symptoms

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10
Q

Trichomoniasis

A
  • Vaginitis
  • Most common parasitic infection
  • Protozoan
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11
Q

Giardia Lambia

A

causing intestinal infection Giardiases

-Protozoan

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12
Q

Toxoplasma Gondii

A
  • Toxoplasmosis
  • food-borne illnesses
  • Protozoan
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13
Q

Parasitic infections involve multiple hosts

A

asdgsdf

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14
Q

Major routes to acquire parasitic infections

A
  1. Fecal-Orale Route
  2. Penetration of Skin or Eyes
  3. Genital Contact
  4. Arthropod bites
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15
Q

Defining Characteristics of Protozoa

A
  • unicellular protists
  • absoprotive or ingestive chemoheterotrophs
  • no cell wall
  • require moist enviornment
  • belong to Protista
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16
Q

General Life cycle of Protozoa

A
  • Encystation allows for survival outside of the host (dormant stage)
  • Excystation to trophozoite (reproductive stage) occurs after ingestion by the host
17
Q

Most Protozoa reproduce asexually by:

A

Binary fission, Budding, Schizogony (merozoites), Conjugation (DNA exchange of part of genome between 2 cells)

18
Q

Ciliates

A

Class of protozoa

  • use cilia for locomotion
  • reproduce sexually via conjugation
19
Q

Balantidum Coli

A

only ciliate known to cause disease in humans

-persistent diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss

20
Q

Amoebae

A

Class of protozoa
No defined shape
aquire food through use of psuedopods

21
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

carried asymptomatically in digestive tract

-invasive form of ameobiasis cause severe diarrhea, colitis, appendicitis

22
Q

Acanthamoeba and Naegleria

A

rare but fatal infections of the brain

23
Q

Flagellates

A

at least one long flagellum

include:
- Trypanosoma: T. cruzi causing American trypanosomiasis or Chagas Disease
- T. brucei causing african trypanosomiasis or sleeping sickness
- Leishmania
- Giardia
- Trichomonas (vaginosis)

24
Q

Apicomplexans

A

cortical alveoli

  • move by gliding motility
  • Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Crytosproidium, Cyclospora
25
Q

Protozoan Parasites categorized by:

A

Major mode of transmission:
-Foodborne/waterborne, Vectorborne, Sexually Transmitted
Principle site of infection:
Blood, Tissue, Intestinal, Urogenital

26
Q

Blood Protozoa

A

Malaria, Plasmodium

-Trophozoite

27
Q

Tissue Protoza

A

Leishmanias

  • Promastigoe, Amastigote
  • Sand fly vector

Chaga’s Disease- Trypanosoma cruzi
-trypomastgote, amastigoe, Reduviid (kissing) bug vector

28
Q

Urogenital Protozoa

A

Trichomoniasis
STI
direct contact

often asymptomatic but needs direct contact

29
Q

Helminths

A
  • multicellular, ekaryotic worms, reduced digestive, nervous and locomotive systems
  • reproductive system is complex
30
Q

All helminths reproduce sexually and can be:

A
  • Monoecious: hemaphroditic = male and female repro system in one animal
  • Dioecious: male and female repro systems are in seperate worms
31
Q

Nematode

A

round worm

  • alimentary canal (complete digestive tract)
  • lack circulatory system
  • dioecious (reproduce sexually)
32
Q

Platyhelminths

A

flatworms

-cestoda, trematoda

33
Q

Cestoda

A

Tapeworms

  • flat, segmented,
  • completely lack digestive system
  • Scolex contain suckers and hooks
  • nutrients acquired by absorption
  • body segments (proglottids)
  • Monoecious
34
Q

Trematoda

A

flukes

  • incomplete digestive tracts (mouth but no anus)
  • ventral sucker
  • infect mollusks as first host
  • monoecious
35
Q

Modes of transmission of Helminths

A
  1. waterborne/foodborne, 2. Vectorborne, 3. direct contact

2. blood, tissue, intestinal helminthes

36
Q

Arthropods

A
  • segmented animals with specialized jointed appendages
  • body completely covered by an exoskeleton
  • medically important are Arachidia (chelicerata) and Insecta (hexapoda)

Infectious Diseases Midterm 1 (7 decks)

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