Lecture 5: ovary part 1 Flashcards
Main function of ovaries
Produce secondary oocyte and hormones, including progesterone and oestrogen (female sex hormone)
What are the three regions of the ovaries?
Three regions 1)outer ovarian cortex 2) central ovarian medulla 3) inner hilum
Where are the ovaries located?
Where are the ovaries located?
What type of epithelium makes up the surface of the ovaries?
cubodial epithelium, the germinal epithelia
What is the tunica albuginea?
Layer that is below the germinal epithelium. It is a dense connective tissue
What are the three ligaments that hold the ovaries in the pelvic girdle?
- Broad ligament
- Ovarian ligament
- Suspensory ligament
Main function of Uterine (fallopian tube)
Transport a secondary oocyte to the uterus and normally are the sites where fertilisation occurs
Whats fallopian tube basic structure?
it is hollow, muscular tube, and is ~13 cm in length.
What are the thee regions of the uterine tube?
infundibulum with the frimbiae(tenticles)
Ampulla (for storage)
Isthmus (highway to the uterus cavity)
what is fallopian tube epithelium lining made up of?
cilia and non cilia simple columnar cells
How does the ovum move through the uterine tube?
How does the ovum move through the uterine tube?
How does the ovum move through the uterine tube?
3-4 days
where does fertilisation occur?
ampulla of the uterine tube
issues with uterine
main site of ectopic pregnancy, fertilised embryo is implanted elsewhere
Main function of uterus
site of implantation of a fertilised ovum, development of the fetus during pregnancy and labour
- mechanical protection
- nutritional support
- waste removal for developing fetus and embryo
structure of uterus
small, pear shaped organ, got big muscles!
What are the regions of the uterus?
uterine body (Corpus)
fundus (the forehead)
isthmus (constriction at the posterior end)
cervix (inferior portion that extends from isthmus to vagina)
what are the layers of muscle?
myometrium (outer muscular, smooth muscle)
endometrium (inner glandular, under influence of oestrogen the uterine glands, blood vessels and endothelium change with various phases of the menstrual cycle)
- Stratum functionalis (the one that has the most uterine glands and changes throughout the menstrual cycle
- stratum basalis (attaches endometrium to myometrium, has terminal branches of uterine glands)
What is the most common orientation of uterus
anteflexion (uterus bends anteriorly at its base)
What are the three ligaments that hold the uterus?
Broad ligament (holds it in place)
uterosacral ligament (attaches to sacrum)
round ligament (extends anteriorly through inguinal canal)
Lateral ligament (extends to lateral walls of pelvis)
Whats the function of the cervix?
produce mucus that protects against bacteria and help regulate sperm transportation.
What is an issue you can get with uterus
- Prolapsed uterus! the anchoring ligaments are weak and cant hold the uterus up (usually due to childbirth or postmenopausal)
- Bicornate uterus: associated with recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, breech presentation, occurs in 1:250 women
what makes the uterus grow?
oestrogen
whats the role of the vagina
receives penis during intercourse, is passageway for child birth, and serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluid
whats the structure of the vagina?
elastic muscular tube, ~10cm long and extends from cervix to vestibule
Whats something thats special about the vagina compared to the other structures?
its got its own microbiome, needs to be maintained at a pH of 4.2, glycogen from vaginal cells gets converted by bacteria into lactic acid. this inhibits sperm motility.
function of mammary glands
synthesise, secrete and eject milk for nourishment of newborn.
Describe mitosis and meiosis in females
Mitosis and meiosis is different between males and females.
1) oogonia enters meiosis I as a primordial follicle
2) Arrest occurs during prophase of meiosis I, at diplotene (6 million are held here)
3) Hormones induce the completion of meiosis I
4) before the completion of meiosis, the growing follicle divides, the secondary oocyte gets all the cytoplasm, the other cell becomes the first polar body.
5) The oocyte begins meiosis II but stops at metaphase, before chromosome separation and cytoplasm division.
6) completion of meiosis II occurs if the ovum is fertilised! Only sperm can complete meiosis II and create the second polar body.
