Lecture 5: ovary part 1

Question 1

Main function of ovaries

Answer 1

Produce secondary oocyte and hormones, including progesterone and oestrogen (female sex hormone)

Question 2

What are the three regions of the ovaries?

Answer 2

Three regions 1)outer ovarian cortex 2) central ovarian medulla 3) inner hilum

Question 3

Where are the ovaries located?

Answer 3

Where are the ovaries located?

Question 4

What type of epithelium makes up the surface of the ovaries?

Answer 4

cubodial epithelium, the germinal epithelia

Question 5

What is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 5

Layer that is below the germinal epithelium. It is a dense connective tissue

Question 6

What are the three ligaments that hold the ovaries in the pelvic girdle?

Answer 6

1. Broad ligament
2. Ovarian ligament
3. Suspensory ligament

Question 7

Main function of Uterine (fallopian tube)

Answer 7

Transport a secondary oocyte to the uterus and normally are the sites where fertilisation occurs

Question 8

Whats fallopian tube basic structure?

Answer 8

it is hollow, muscular tube, and is ~13 cm in length.

Question 9

What are the thee regions of the uterine tube?

Answer 9

infundibulum with the frimbiae(tenticles)

Ampulla (for storage)

Isthmus (highway to the uterus cavity)

Question 10

what is fallopian tube epithelium lining made up of?

Answer 10

cilia and non cilia simple columnar cells

Question 11

How does the ovum move through the uterine tube?

Answer 11

How does the ovum move through the uterine tube?

Question 12

How does the ovum move through the uterine tube?

Answer 12

3-4 days

Question 13

where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 13

ampulla of the uterine tube

Question 14

issues with uterine

Answer 14

main site of ectopic pregnancy, fertilised embryo is implanted elsewhere

Question 15

Main function of uterus

Answer 15

site of implantation of a fertilised ovum, development of the fetus during pregnancy and labour

• mechanical protection
• nutritional support
• waste removal for developing fetus and embryo

Question 16

structure of uterus

Answer 16

small, pear shaped organ, got big muscles!

Question 17

What are the regions of the uterus?

Answer 17

uterine body (Corpus)

fundus (the forehead)

isthmus (constriction at the posterior end)

cervix (inferior portion that extends from isthmus to vagina)

Question 18

what are the layers of muscle?

Answer 18

myometrium (outer muscular, smooth muscle)

endometrium (inner glandular, under influence of oestrogen the uterine glands, blood vessels and endothelium change with various phases of the menstrual cycle)

• Stratum functionalis (the one that has the most uterine glands and changes throughout the menstrual cycle
• stratum basalis (attaches endometrium to myometrium, has terminal branches of uterine glands)

Question 19

What is the most common orientation of uterus

Answer 19

anteflexion (uterus bends anteriorly at its base)

Question 20

What are the three ligaments that hold the uterus?

Answer 20

Broad ligament (holds it in place)

uterosacral ligament (attaches to sacrum)

round ligament (extends anteriorly through inguinal canal)

Lateral ligament (extends to lateral walls of pelvis)

Question 21

Whats the function of the cervix?

Answer 21

produce mucus that protects against bacteria and help regulate sperm transportation.

Question 22

What is an issue you can get with uterus

Answer 22

• Prolapsed uterus! the anchoring ligaments are weak and cant hold the uterus up (usually due to childbirth or postmenopausal)
• Bicornate uterus: associated with recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, breech presentation, occurs in 1:250 women

Question 23

what makes the uterus grow?

Answer 23

oestrogen

Question 24

whats the role of the vagina

Answer 24

receives penis during intercourse, is passageway for child birth, and serves as a passageway for the elimination of menstrual fluid

Question 25

whats the structure of the vagina?

Answer 25

elastic muscular tube, ~10cm long and extends from cervix to vestibule

Question 26

Whats something thats special about the vagina compared to the other structures?

Answer 26

its got its own microbiome, needs to be maintained at a pH of 4.2, glycogen from vaginal cells gets converted by bacteria into lactic acid. this inhibits sperm motility.

Question 27

function of mammary glands

Answer 27

synthesise, secrete and eject milk for nourishment of newborn.

Question 28

Describe mitosis and meiosis in females

Answer 28

Mitosis and meiosis is different between males and females.

1) oogonia enters meiosis I as a primordial follicle
2) Arrest occurs during prophase of meiosis I, at diplotene (6 million are held here)
3) Hormones induce the completion of meiosis I
4) before the completion of meiosis, the growing follicle divides, the secondary oocyte gets all the cytoplasm, the other cell becomes the first polar body.
5) The oocyte begins meiosis II but stops at metaphase, before chromosome separation and cytoplasm division.
6) completion of meiosis II occurs if the ovum is fertilised! Only sperm can complete meiosis II and create the second polar body.