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Oral med > Lecture 5- Oral biopsies and histology of normal oral tissues > Flashcards

Lecture 5- Oral biopsies and histology of normal oral tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is a biopsy?

A

Removal/sample of tissue to assess the histological assessment, diagnosis and therapy

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2
Q

What types of biopsy are there?

A

Incisional biopsy Excisional biopsy Frozen section Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) Direct Immunoflourescence

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3
Q

What is an incisional biopsy?

A

For diagnostic reason, takes the sample and normal tissue

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4
Q

What is an excisional biopsy?

A

Takes all of the abnormal area ( often malignancy) Is prognositc May need adjunctive therapy or re excision

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5
Q

What do you do with the sample as soon as you have taken it?

A

FIX it! Fix using Formal saline We do this to prevent - putrefactions - Drying autolysis It also aids the staining

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6
Q

What then happens to the specimen?

A

 Technician-Booking in  Pathologist- Cut up (trimming)  Technician- Specimen embedding  Technician- Microtome sectioning  Technician- H+E Staining  Pathologist- examines  Technician- Levels/special stains/ immunohistochemistry  Pathologist – reporting  Secretaries- typing  Pathologist- check and dispatch the report

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7
Q

What does Eosin stain?

A

Eosinphillic Keratin, Muscle, bone (un calcified), collagen, most cytoplasm.

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8
Q

What does heamatoxylin stain?

A

Basophillic Nuclie ( RNA/DNA) Bone Plasma MPs (ground substance)

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9
Q

What stain is this?

A

H&E

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10
Q

What stains mucins, glycogen and fungi?

A

PAS/D Periodic Acid schiff

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11
Q

What stains bacteria? and some fungi

A

Gram stain

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12
Q

What stains mycobacteria?

A

Ziehl Neelsen

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13
Q

What stains amyloid

A

Congo red

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14
Q

What stain is this?

A

Insert pic

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15
Q

what is immunohistochemistry?

A

monoclonal antibodies bind to antigens on sample. These can produce an antibody profile and shown the origin of the tissue

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16
Q

What is a frozen section

A

Rapid freezing for immediate results, (used to make sure you have excised all the margins in theatre) Gives results in 30 mins.

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17
Q

Why isn’t frozen section used all the time?

A

As its poor quality.

18
Q

What is FNAC?

A

Aspiration of a lesion through a needle and spread onto a slide as a monolayer for examination. Can see cell structure and morphology but not architecture

19
Q

When is FNAC used?

A

the one stop neck clinic. Where there is a surgeon, a radiologist and a pathologist. Guided by ultrasound and processd chair side. Gives patient same day results. Its purpose is to side track patient with head and neck cancer.

20
Q

What are the advantages of using FNAc

A

Low cost, speed of diagnosis,negligible complications of it.

21
Q

Disadavantages of FNAC

A

Because the tissue architecture cannot be visualised you cannot always get a definitive diagnosis.

22
Q

When is immunofluresence used

A

For vesicullobullous disorders.Uses antibodies to target antigens on cells. Targets are visualised with a fluorescent microscope

23
Q

What is direct immunoflouresence?

A

Patient’s tissue Labelled animal immunoglobulin(antiserum/antiglobulin)

24
Q

What is indirect immunoflouresence?

A

Patient’s serum (immunoglobulin) Animal tissue Labelledanimalimmunoglobulin(antiglobulin)

25
Q

label these layers of normal anatomy?

A
26
Q

please label

A
27
Q

which areas of the mouth are non keratinised?

A

Ventral surface of the tongue,Buccal mucosa,

28
Q

What is this?

A

Fordyce spot

29
Q

What Is this histology show and what is it features?

A
  • It is the parotid gland
  • Purely serous
    *
30
Q

what is this?

A

A myoepothelial cell.

31
Q

What is this and what are its features?

A

submandibular gland

Mixed serous and mucus

prodomiatly serous

Serious demilunes in acinar cells

32
Q

what is this and its properties?

A

Sublingual gland

Mixed, but mainly mucous

33
Q

Which minor salivary glands are mixed?

A
34
Q

whihc minor salivary glands are purely serous

A
35
Q

which minor salivary glands are mucous

A
36
Q

What embryological stage is this and what can be seen?

A

Bud stage

37
Q

What stage is this at and what should you be able to see?

A

Cap stage

38
Q

What stage is this and what is happenning

A

Early bell stage

External enamel epithelium

 Internal enamel epithelium

 Stellate reticulum

 Dental lamina

 Bud for permanent tooth

39
Q

What stage is this and label?

A
40
Q

what is happening here?

A

This is still the advanced bell stage

Internal enamel epithelium induces odontoblast differentiation

Dentine formation induces ameloblast differentiation
Predentine is present.

41
Q

what is this?

A

Cervical loop.

Internal and external enamel epithelia fuse

 Hertwig’s sheath

 Maps out form of root

 Breakdown leads to cementum formation

 Cell rests of Malassez

Oral med (18 decks)

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