Lecture 5: Non-Visual sensory systems

Question 1

Pathway of sensory processing?

Answer 1

Receptors > Thalamus > Primary Sensory Cortex > Secondary Sensory Cortex > Association Cortex

Question 2

Old vs New Models of Sensory processing:

Answer 2

Homogeneous / Serial vs Segregated / Parallel

Question 3

3 types of hearing loss:

Answer 3

1. conduction deafness
2. sensorineural deafness
3. central deafness

Question 4

Conduction deafness

Answer 4

results from damage to the tympanic membrane and ossicles

Question 5

Sensorineural deafness

Answer 5

auditory nerve fibres are not stimulated properly; caused by infections, pollution, loud sounds

Question 6

Central deafness

Answer 6

brain lesions in the temporal lobes (stroke); left lobe = loss of language processing, right lobe = unable to discriminate non-language sounds

Question 7

Meaningful sounds identification test

Answer 7

Left temporal damage = poor performance; right temporal damage = normal performance.

Question 8

Meaningless sounds discrimination test

Answer 8

Right temporal damage = poor performance; left temporal damage = normal performance.

Question 9

Outer ear

Answer 9

Pina

Auditory canal

Question 10

Middle ear

Answer 10

Tympanic membrane
Three bones (malleus, incus, stapes)

Question 11

Inner ear

Answer 11

Semicircular canal
Cochlea
Auditory nerve

Question 12

Three theories of perceiving pitch

Answer 12

Frequency theory - 0-100 Hz - direct firing of neuron;
Volley theory - 100-5000 Hz - neurons cooperate;
Place theory - 5000-23000hHz - base of basilar membrane is tuned for high frequencies, while apex is tuned for low frequencies.

Question 13

The auditory pathways

Answer 13

cochlea
superior olivary nucleus 
cochlear nucleus
inferior colliculus
medial geniculate nucleus
auditory receiving area in temporal lobe

Question 14

At auditory threshold, what is the displacement of hair cells?

Answer 14

100 picometers