Lecture 5 - Mendel's laws

Question 1

What are Mendel’s 3 laws?

Answer 1

• Equal segregation
• Independent assortment
• Dominance

Question 2

What was consistent about all 7 phenotypes of Mendel’s peas?

Answer 2

• simple traits controlled by a single gene
• straightforward dominance relationship
• on different chromosomes

Question 3

How can peas be pollinated?

Answer 3

cross-pollinated or self-pollinated

Question 4

What are pure breeding lines?

Answer 4

all offspring from mating within those line have the same character, so for example, following self-pollination, all offspring from a pure-breeding plant giving green peas will also give green peas

Question 5

What is the law of equal segregation?

Answer 5

during gamete formation, members of a gene pair separate equally - each gamete carries one allele for each gene

Question 6

What is the law of independent assortment?

Answer 6

during gamete formation, chromosome pairs segregate independently of each other

Question 7

What is the law of dominance?

Answer 7

alleles can be dominant or recessive, an organism with at least one dominant allele will display the effect of this allele.

Question 8

Independent assortment generates recombinants - what effect does this have on offspring?

Answer 8

combinations of alleles that aren’t found in the parent

Question 9

What are recombinant genotypes?

Answer 9

different from parents

Question 10

In what scenario does the law of dominance preside?

Answer 10

only in diploid cells