Lecture 5: Life History Flashcards
Allocation
- the relative amounts of energy or resources that an organism devotes to different functions
- Can be divided between growth, survival, and reproduction
- Which varies amongst organisms
Frogs Life History
-Is divided between an aquatic stage and a terrestrial one
-Resulting in a several evolutionary decisions
-Life history events are heritable and show variation among species and within
-Duration of tadpole
-Timing of metamorphosis
Frog’s Aquatic Stage
- Egg stage
- Tadpole stage
Frog’s Terrestrial Stage
- Juvenile Stage
- Adult Stage
Genetic and Environmental Differences
-Some frogs lay eggs in freezing cold water temperatures
-Tropical frog breeds within a fluid and keeps its eggs outside of the pond altogether
Phenotypic Plasticity
- May result in a continuous range of sizes, or discrete types called morphs
- Ex. Spadefoot toad is an example of both
- Phenotypic plasticity in timing of metamorphosis
-cTadpoles are the same genotype - Adult phenotypes differ in side from accelerated
Life Cycle Of a Coral
- Sexual Stage, Juvenile Stage, Adult Stage
1. Meiosis
2. Fertilization
3. Larva
4. Polyp (asexual)
Sexual Stage of a Coral
- meiosis
- fertilization
Juvenile Stage of a Coral
- Larva
- Polyp
Trade-offs
- between the number and size of offspring
- in organisms’ parental care
- between reproduction and survival
Reproductive Sexual Maturity is Reached
- Energy can be divided between growth or reproduction
- Growth can then stop or continue
Allocation Energy
- is fixed and can be divided between growth, survival, reproduction, and offspring quality
- Off-spring quality ( many or few)
Parental Care
- Invest time and energy to feed and protect offspring
- In the tropics, there are higher levels of competition in some areas, if you leave offspring alone, they can be consumed by predators
Ex. fish, frogs, etc.
Non-Planktonic Life Stage
do not live over evolutionary time as long as the planktonic ones
Iteroparous
reproduces multiple times
