Lecture 5- Intro to disease of MSK Flashcards
What is polyarthiritis?
an arthritis affecting 5 or more joints
OligoARTHRITIS
-an arthritis affecting 4 or fewer joints
To describe problems with bones
use the prefix OSTEO
To describe problems with muscle
use the prefix ‘MY’
Tendonitis
inflammation of Tendons
Bursitis
Inflammation of bursa
what is bursae?
Bursae are synovial membrane lined pockets that serve to allow free movement of adjacent structures where otherwise, there could be friction.
what is Entheses?
. Entheses are the points where tendons, ligaments or joint capsules insert into bone. The largest site is the achilles insertion.
what is the largest entheses insertion site?
The largest site is the achilles insertion.
what does the prefix CHOND describe?
cartilage
Explain the muscle conditions:
Myalgia:
Myositis
Myalgia:Pain in muscles. Very common. Commonly associated with viral infections. Can be drug induced (eg by statins).
Myositis– Inflammation of the muscles. Far less common than myalgia and can be autoimmune
what is a joint?
A joint is formed where two or more bones meet each other
Ways to classify rheumatic disease?
Inflammatory VS Degenerative
Rheumatoid arthritis affects?
affects the SYNOVIUM
osteoarthritis affects?
affects the CARTILAGE
what is cause of gout?
If serum urate levels consistently exceed the physiological saturation point (around 380 μmol/L), monosodium urate crystals form and deposit, particularly in cartilage, bone, and periarticular tissues of peripheral joints
describe the presentation of gout?
- presents in the early morning
- usually affects a single joint- 1st metatarsopharyngeal joint or knee
- Affected joint is
1) warm
2) tender
3) swollen
4) most cases- skin overlaying erythematous
who gets gout?
- men over 40 and women over 65
- incidence increases with age
- metabolic syndrome are strongly associated with gout
Risk factors for gout?
Male, older, genetic
metabolic syndrome, Obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, loop and thiazide diuretic, CKD, osteoarthiritis, dietary factors
Management of Gout?
-NSAIDS with colcichine- acute phase
Long term:
Allopurinol- lower serum rate level
what is the differential diagnosis for hot swollen joint?
Septic arthritis
what are the commonest organism for septic arthritis?
Staph and strep
describe the pathophysiology of RA?
- More common in women onset 30-40 years
- affects synovium -involves early invasion of by lymphocytes with an acute inflammatory reaction
what are the characteristics of RA?
acute inflammatory reaction characterised by oedema, hypertrophy and increased vascular permeability.