Lecture 5 - Intraspecific interactions Flashcards
Give examples of biotic interactions.
- Competition
- Commensalism (an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm)
- Mutualism (an interaction between individuals of different species that results in positive (beneficial) effects on per capita reproduction and/or survival of the interacting populations)
- Predation
- Succession
Give the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.
Asexual - offspring identical to parent (clone)
- genetic differences arise through mutation
Sexual - offspring combination of both parents - genetic variation
Give the different forms of asexual reproduction.
- Budding
- Fission
- Fragmentation
- Regeneration
Give the different forms of sexual reproduction.
- Dioecious (separate sexes)
- Hermaphrodite gametes (male and female gametes produced simultaneously or sequentially)
- Hermaphrodite self-fertilisation
Methods in which organisms compete for a mate.
- Behaviour
- Chemistry
- Sexual selection
- Sexual competition
- Mate guarding
- Sperm competition
Sexual competition example.
Case study: Penis of male damselfly’s secondary genitalia has spines on it; used to scrape sperm of rival male out of female’s reproductive tract
Reproduction pairings.
Dioecious No Pairing plants Insects Fish and amphibia Birds and mammals Pairing through reproductive life
Intraspecific competition definition.
Between members of the same species.
Interspecific competition definition.
Between members of different species.
What is exploitation competition?
Organisms utilise limited common resources.
What is interference competition?
Organisms exploiting a resource which harms another in the process.
What is a resource depletion zone?
A zone which occurs within soil when a resource is used up faster than it can be replaced.
What occurs when a resource is not mobile.
The RDZ is narrow and there is no overlap of RDZ’s.
What occurs when the resource is mobile.
RDZ is wide, overlap occurs.
Territoriality.
Linked to population regulation
Individuals without a territory make little or no contribution to future generations.
E.g. oystercatchers
