Lecture 5 - Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

Mendel studied garden pea plants for two reasons:

A
  1. a large variety were available

2. can self-pollinate (“self”) or cross the peas

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2
Q

what does breed true mean?

A

the physical appearance remains the same through multiple generations

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3
Q

What is Mendel’s 1st law?

A

each particle segregates equally into the games

egg and sperm

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4
Q

Describe alleles of a gene from Mendel’s proposal

A

each adult pea has two particles for each character studied

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5
Q

non sex chromosomes are called?

A

autosomes

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6
Q

How many chromosomes per do humans have?

A

46 chromosomes; 44 autosomes + 2 sex chromosomes

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7
Q

RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template during?

A

transcription

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8
Q

Viruses are able to make RNA and DNA using RNA as a template in?

A

reverse transciption

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9
Q

Proteins are synthesized based on the info stored in?

A

stored in ribonucleotide triplets in RNA

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10
Q

During ____, one strand of double stranded DNA acts as a molecular template for RNA synthesis

A

transcription

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11
Q

During ____, the triplets of nucleotides in mRNA are matched with corresponding amino acids via ___

A

translation; triplets of tRNA

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12
Q

triplets are also referred to as ____;

A

codons; each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins

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13
Q

viral genomic dna may be associated with?

A

capsid proteins

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14
Q

Prokaryotic DNA is associated with proteins in the?

A

nucleoid

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15
Q

eukaryotic DNA is organized with proteins into a complex called?

A

chromatin

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16
Q

introns in _____ interrupt mainly tRNA sequences

A

bacterial chromosomes

17
Q

Introns in _____ interrupt protein - coding sequences

A

phage genomes within bacteria

18
Q

some sequences called ___, can move around within the genome of a single cell

A

transposons

19
Q

What are telomeres?

A

cap the ends of linear chromosomes and are needed for successful cell division

20
Q

what are centromeres?

A

functions in cell division; that’s where two sister chromatids are held together during mitosis

21
Q

DNA in the cell must be organized to allow: (2)

A
  1. packing of large DNA molecules within the cells

2. access of proteins to read the information in DNA sequence

22
Q

DNA packing into nucleosomes consists of:

A

DNA wrapped around positively charged histone proteins

23
Q

The nuclear scaffold:

A

anchors DNA loops and regulates access to information in DNA