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Clinical Pathology > Lecture 5: Fungal Pathogens > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Fungal Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What are fungi?

A

Separate kingdom of organisms
Eukaryotic microorganisms

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2
Q

What is the size range of fungi?

A

Single celled to macroscopic

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3
Q

What are the two types of growth forms of fungi?

A
  1. Hypha = moulds
  2. Yeast cells = yeasts
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4
Q

How does fungi reproduce?

A

Reproduce asexually and/or sexually, spore formation

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5
Q

What are the 3 life forms of Fungi?

A
  1. Saprophytes – decaying organic matter
  2. Plant pathogens
  3. Animal pathogens – small number compared bacteria, viruses, protozoa
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6
Q

What are the 3 types of fungal disease?

A
  1. Superficial infection
  2. Subcutaneous infection
  3. Systemic infection
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7
Q

What does a superficial infection affect?

A

affecting skin, hair, nails and mucocutaneous tissue

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8
Q

What are 3 examples of superficial infections?

A
  1. dermatophytes,
  2. Malassezia
  3. Candida
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9
Q

What does a subcutaneous infection affect?

A

affecting subcutaneous tissue, usually following traumatic implantation

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10
Q

What does a systemic infection affect?

A

affecting deep-seated organs

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11
Q

Name 2 examples of a systemic infection?

A
  1. Candida
  2. Aspergillus
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12
Q

What are Dermatophytes?

A

Group of moulds seen as causes of disease in skin, hair and nail

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13
Q

Where does Dermatophytes originate?

A

Originate in soil, other animals or other humans
(Geophillic, Zoophillic and Anthropophilic)

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14
Q

Where is the site of Tinea pedis?

A

Foot skin

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15
Q

What is tinea pedis colloquially known as?

A

Athletes foot

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16
Q

What is the site of Tinea unguium?

A

Nail (toe or finger)

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17
Q

What is Tinea unguium colloquially known as?

A

Fungal nail disease

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18
Q

What is the site of Tinea cruis?

A

Groin area skin

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19
Q

What is Tinea cruis colloquially known as?

A

Jock itch

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20
Q

What is the site of infection for Tinea corporis?

A

Limbs and torso skin generally

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21
Q

What iis Tinea corporis colloquially known as?

A

Ringworm

22
Q

Where is the site of infection for Tinea capitis?

A

Scalp skin and hair

23
Q

What is Tinea capitis colloquially known as?

A

Scalp ringworm

24
Q

What is the prevalence of Fungal nail infections?

A

common in the general adult population, probably 5-25% rate, increasing incidence in elderly people

25
Q

Who is athletes foot more common in?

A

More common in adults and sportsmen.

26
Q

What is more common than onychomycosis?

A

Athlete’s foot

27
Q

Who is scalp ringworm most common in?

A

prepubertal children

28
Q

What percent of children is tinea capitis?

A

6% of children (200 million global cases)

29
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea pedis (Althlete’s foot)?

A

Itching, flaking, fissuring of skin
Plantar: Soles of feet dry and scaly, if skin of whole of foot affected “Moccasin foot”
Hyperhidrosis, secondary to infection may increase severity

30
Q

Where may tinea pedis spread to?

A

Infection to two nails

31
Q

What is the typicaly cause of tinea pedis?

A

Trichophyton rubrum

32
Q

Is Tinea pedis uni or bilateral?

A

Can be both

33
Q

Is tinea cruris more prevalent in men or women?

A

Men

34
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea cruris?

A

Itching, scaling, erythematous
plaques with distinct edges
Satellite lesions sometimes present
May extend to buttocks,
back and lower abdomen

35
Q

What ar ethe causes of Tinea cruris?

A

Typical cause T. rubrum
New cause T. indotineae often
resistant to the antifungal terbinafine

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Tinea capitis?

A

slight inflammation, scaly patches, with alopecia, “black dots”, to severe inflammation

37
Q

What are the symptoms of Kerion celsi?

A

inflamed lesions, usually from zoophilic dermatophytes

38
Q

What is the cause of Tinea corporis?

A

Invasion of follicle “Majocci’s granuloma”

39
Q

How does ringworm present?

A

Circular, single or multiple erythematous plaques

40
Q

Where may Tinea corporis extend from?

A

scalp or groin

41
Q

What is the typical cause of Tinea corporis?

A

Typical cause, wide range
of dermatophytes,
anthropophilic or zoophilic

42
Q

How would you treat a mild fungi disease?

A

Topical antifungal therapy

43
Q

Give 3 examples of drugs used for topical antifungal therapy?

A

Terbinafine, clotrimazole, miconazole

44
Q

How would you treat a severe fungal disease?

A

Systemic antifungal therapy

45
Q

What do you treat all cases of tinea capitis with?

A

systemic oral antifungals
Topical therapy will NOT be curative (role in reducing spread)

46
Q

Name 3 systemic oral antifungals?

A

terbinafine, griseofulvin, or itraconazole (depends on causal species)

47
Q

What is Malassezia?

A

Genus of yeasts
Part or normal skin flora in all humans from shortly after birth

48
Q

Name 3 examples of Malassezia?

A

M. sympodialis, M. restricta and M globosa

49
Q

Where are the highest levels of Malassezia?

A

Highest levels on head and trunk

50
Q

What are the causes of Malassezia?

A
  1. Pityriasis versicolor
  2. Role in seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic eczema
51
Q

What is Pityriasis Versicolor

A

Clinical Pathology (6 decks)

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