lecture 5 diabetes etc Flashcards
diabetes insipidus affects what
fluids
will a pt with diabetes insipidus have a problem w their glucose
no (diabetes darth sidious because aint shit sweet)
is diabetes insipidus a type of diabetes (darth sidius)
no it doesnt affect glucose and aint shit sweet w darth sidius
diabetes insipididus is diabtes w/o glucose bcause it has
polydipsia and polyuria
what does diabetes insipidus cause due to polyuria and polydipsia
dehydration
what does dehydration in diabetes insipidus cause
low ADH
what is the oppisite of diabetes insipidus
SIADH
pt with DM and diabetes insipidus would have what kind of urine output
high urine output (diabetics and darth sidius are pissed alot)
why is SIADH opposite of diabetes insipidus
SIADH pts arent thirsty and dont pee alot (oliguria and no thirst)
who is darth sidius biggest opp cause theyre opposites
SIADH
a pt with SIADH would have what kind of urine output
decreased
how will serum specific gravity be in a pt with SIADH
low because they retain water
how will urine specific gravity be in pt w SIADH
increased because they have more urine
if pt has fluid volume deficit is it DM, DI or SIADH
DM and DI
darth insipidus is the same as what without glucose
diabetes
fluid volume excess would be which: DM, DI or SIADH
SIADH
treatment for type I DM (DIE)
Diet
insulin
exercise
which is the most important treatment for type I DM
insulin
which is the least important treatment for type I DM
diet (calories from carbs)
treatment for type II DM (DOA)
diet
oral hypoglycemic
activity
what is the most important treatment for type II DM pt
diet
what kind and how often should type 2 DM pts eat
6 small frequent meals
why do diabetics need small frequent meals
keep their glucose stable
what is the most improtant treatment for type 2 DM
calorie restriction
what is more important type 2 dm? calorie restriction or dividing meals into 6 feedings a day
calorie restriction
what color is regular insulin
clear
can u give lispro with a meal
no
when should u give lispro
with a meal
when does lispro start working
15 mins
when does lispro peak
30 mins
how long does lispro last
3 hrs
what is the pattern for lispro
15-30-3
15-30-3
lispro
when does regular insulin start working
1 hour
when does regulr insulin peak
2 hrs
how long does regular insulin last
4 hrs
what is the pattern for regular insulin
1-2-4
1-2-4 is the pattern for what insulin
regular
what color is NPH insulin
cloudy
when does NPH start working
6 hrs
when does NPH peak
8-10 hrs
how long does NPH last
12 hrs
what is the pattern for NPH
6-8-10-12
how to find peak of insulin when given time
add peak time to what time u gave insulin
when does glargine peak
never
how long does glargine last
12-24 hrs
which type of insulin can u safely give at bedtiime
glargine (long acting)
when should u give glargine insulin
at bedtime
what should u always check before giving insulin
expiration date
how many days is insulin good for after opening it
30 days
what should u do w open insulin without an expiration date
throw it out
do u have to refrigerate insulin after its opened
no
when should u refrigerate insulin
when its unopened
when should u decrease insulin dosage
before exercisew
what should u do with insulin before exercise
decrease dose
what should u give pt before exercise who is on insulin
rapidly metabolized carbs
what happens to glucose lvls if dm pt is sick
it goes up
what are the 2 problems sick diabetics have
hyperglycemia and dehydration
what is DKA
high glucose in a type I DM pt
what causes DKA
too much food
not enough insulin
not enough exercisse
acute upper resp infection in the past 2 weeks
acute viral upper resp infection in past 2 weeks can cause what in DM pts
DKA (high glucose)
DKA signs and symptoms (DKA is acronym for symptoms)
-Dehydration
-Ketones in blood, kussmauls and high K+
-Acidosis, acetone breath, anorexia due to nausea
how to treat DKA
regular insulin (IV insulin)
IV fluids 200mL/hr
HHNK is caused by what and affects what kind of DM
high glucose in. type 2 dm pt
severe dehydration
will a pt w hhnk have a fluid volume deficit or excess
deficit (dehydration)
what are u trying to do for a pt with hhnk
rehydrate them
what chronic conditions can HHNK cause
poor perfusion
peripheral neuropathy
which relies more on insulin DKA or HHNK
DKA
which disease priority is rehydration? DKA or HHNK
HHNK
which disease is a higher priority DKA or HHNK
DKA
