Lecture 5: Cervical spine osteology: Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need to know the specifics of osteology and arthrology

A

to palpate/examine properly (i.e. tissue state, position of joint/bone, and joint mechanics/pathomechanics)

to provide proper treatment

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2
Q

what is the appendicular skeleton

A

bones of extremities

clavicle

scapula

pelvis

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3
Q

what are the bones of the axial skeleton

A

cranium

vertebral column

ribs

sternum

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4
Q

where do the axial and appendicular skeletons articulate

A

superiorly at SC sternoclavicular joints

inferiorly at sacroiliac joints

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5
Q

what are synonyms for posterior, anterior, inferior, and superior

A

p = dorsal

a = ventral

I = caudal

s = cranial

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6
Q

what does the cranium encase/protect

A

brain

sensory organs (eyes, nose, vestibular system)

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7
Q

describe the 2 divisions of the temporal bone

A

first is scale like and thinner

second is thick and protects nerves/vessels/balance structures

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8
Q

describe the squamous part of the temporal bone

A

aka temporal squama

forms front and upper part of the temporal bone

scale like, thin, and translucent

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9
Q

describe how the lower temporal bone is split

A

usually split in two

petrous part and mastoid part

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10
Q

describe the petrous part of the temporal bone

A

forms base of skill (between sphenoid and occipital bones)

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11
Q

describe the mastoid part of the temporal bone

A

most posterior part of temporal bone

outer surface roughened by muscular attachments

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12
Q

what are some important structures housed in the temporal bones

A

middle and inner ear apparatus
cochlea
vestibule
vestibulocochlear N (CN VIII)
facial N (CN VII)
internal carotid A
Jugular Vein

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13
Q

describe the external occipital protuberance

A

palpable midline of occipital bone

attachment for ligamentous nuchal and medial portion of upper trapezius

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14
Q

describe the superior nuchal line

A

extends laterally from ext occ protuberance

attachment for several extensor muscles

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15
Q

what attaches at the inferior nuchal line

A

semispinalis capitis

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16
Q

what are the occipital condyles

A

convex component of AO joint

17
Q

where is the basilar portion of the occipital bone

A

anterior to the anterior rim of foramen magnum

18
Q

what are the roles of the vertebral column as a whole

A

stability and motion

protection of spinal cord, ventral and dorsal nerve roots, dorsal root ganglion, exiting spinal nerve roots, and vertebral artery)

19
Q

what are the three subdivisions of the vertebrae

A

body = primary weight bearing portion

posterior elements = (i.e. spinous/transverse process, laminae, and articular processes)

pedicles = bridge that connects body with posterior elements; transfer the muscle forces applied to the posterior elements to the disc/body

20
Q

describe the posterior and anterior end of the ribs

A

posterior = head, neck, articular tubercle

anterior = flattened hyaline cartilage; 1-10 attach to sternum

21
Q

describe the costovertebral joints

A

2 of the on each rib

head and tubercle articulating with thoracic vertebrae

22
Q

describe the costovertebral/costocorpeal joints

A

connects the head of the rib to a pair of costal demifacets that spans 2 adjacent vertebrae/disc (synovial joint)

23
Q

what is the costotransverse joint

A

connects articular tubercle of rib with costal facet on transverse process of corresponding rib

24
Q

describe the sternum

A

slightly convex/rough anteriorly

slightly concave/smooth posteriorly

3 parts = manubrium, body, xiphoid process

25
describe the manubriosternal joint
cartilaginous (fibrocartilage joint) often ossifies
26
which ribs attach to the sternum
1-7 attach directly 8-10 attach indirectly via cartilage
27
how many vertebra are there
33 vertebral segments 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral (fuses) 4 coccygeal (fuses)
28
which segments of the spine are kyphotic/lordotic
cervical/lumbar = lordosis (convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly) sacrum/thoracic = kyphosis (concave anterior, convex posterior; gives space for organs anteriorly)
29
describe the arch of the spine
pliable but stable arch able to give under loads but disperse through tissues shear potential at transitions and anterior spondylolisthesis
30
describe the line of gravity of the body
near mastoid process anterior to S2 posterior to hip joints anterior to knee and ankle falls to concave side- alternating sagittal plane minor torques are offset to minimize muscular needs
31
what factors can alter the line of gravity of the body
fat deposition regional spinal curves (hypo mobility) posturing of head and limbs muscle strength and endurance connective tissue extensibility position and magnitude of loads sustained by body wedged shaped discs/vertebral body facet orientation cervical/lumbar region discs are thicker anteriorly disease (ankylosing spondylosis)