Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 155 > Lecture 5: Bones, Joints, Ligaments & Tendons > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Bones, Joints, Ligaments & Tendons Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage

A
  • Supportive connective tissue
  • Joint surfaces
  • Ears, nose, vertebral disc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Ligaments

A
  • Dense regular connective tissue
  • Anchor bones to other bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tendons

A
  • Dense regular connective tissue
  • Anchor bones to muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of matrix do cartilage and bone have?

A

Dense, solid matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A
  • Proteoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A
  • Proteoglycans and Elastin fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibrocartilage

A
  • Proteoglycans and lots of collagen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do all three subtypes of cartilage have in common? (hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage)

A
  • AVASCULAR
  • Contain chondrocytes residing in lacunae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Compact Bone

A
  • Dense (heavy), resists compression
  • Organized in concentric circles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spongy Bone

A
  • Light, distributes force
  • Ends of long bones
  • Muscles won’t have to work as hard due to combination of spongy and compact)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bone Tissue

A

Highly vascularized, innervated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bone Marrow

A
  • Not a type of supportive connective tissue
  • Creates blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner membrane of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer membrane of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteogenic Cells

A

Produce other bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteoblast

A

Produce bone matrix

17
Q

Osteocytes

A

Maintain bone matrix

18
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Dissolve bone matrix

19
Q

Cartilage can grow through what two methods?

A

Interstitial Growth - Cell division (chondrocyte proliferation)
Appositional Growth - Differentiation

20
Q

Interstitial Growth

A
  1. ChondroCYTE undergoes division
  2. Additional matrix secreted, pushes cells apart
21
Q

Appositional Growth (Cartilage)

A
  1. Cells differentiate onto chondroblasts
  2. Chondroblats secrete new matrix
  3. Chondroblasts mature into chondrocytes
22
Q

What are the two mechanisms bone can grow via?

A
  • Endochondral growth
  • Appositional growth
23
Q

Endochondral Growth

A
  1. Most bone begin (in utero) as hyaline cartilage
  2. Ossification begins at the shaft (Diaphysis)
  3. Ossification starts at the epiphyses (ends)
    - Not possible after puberty
24
Q

Appositional Growth (Bone)

A
  • Additional circumferential lamellae are deposited and the bone continues to increase in diameter
  • Osteoblast active at the periosteum
  • Osteoclasts active at the endosteum
25
Q

Dermal and Sesamoid Bones

A
  • Ossify from non-cartilaginous connective tissue
26
Q

Dermal Bones

A
  • Found mostly in the head
  • Ossify within dermal tissue (dermis layer)
27
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A
  • Form within tendons (EX: patella)
28
Q

Synarthrosis

A
  • No movement
  • Fibrous: Sutures and Gomphosis
  • Cartilaginous: Synchondrosis (rib to sternum)
  • Bony: Synostosis ( middle of frontal bone)
29
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A
  • Little movement
  • Fibrous: Syndesmosis (Ligaments)
  • Cartilaginous: Symphysis (Pubic Symphysis)
30
Q

Diarthrosis*

A
  • Free movement
  • Synovial
31
Q

Synovial Joints

A
  • Most complex
  • Involve several tissues like bone and hyaline cartilage
32
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Sub-type of hyaline cartilage

33
Q

Bone Tissue Repairs

A
  • Bone healing involves extra proliferation of cells
  • Typically first differentiate into cartilage (callus)
    Cartilage –> Spongy Bone –> Compact Bone
34
Q

Why can’t articular cartilage undergo self-repair

A

Llacks perichondrium layer

35
Q

Osteoarthrotis

A

Caused by damage to articular cartilage
- Damage increases friction at synovial joint leading to inflammation, pressure, and more damage

36
Q

How do bones act as a reservoir for minerals within your body?

A
  • The ability of bone to be actively remodelled by cellular activity allows it to store or release minerals as they are needed
37
Q

Calcium Homeostasis

A

The balance between amount of osteoblast and osteoblast activity helps maintain calcium homeostasis

BIOL 155 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions