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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 5: Axilla, Lateral Cervical Triangle > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Axilla, Lateral Cervical Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial anatomy of the pectoral region

A
  1. Clavicles
  2. Sternum: Manubrium (1), Body (2), Xiphoid (3)
  3. Ribs
  4. Scapula
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2
Q

Superficial fascia layers of the neck

A
  1. Platysma
  2. Subclavicular nerves
  3. Anterior and lateral branches of intercostal nerves
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3
Q

Platysma

A

Superficial muscle that extends from clavicle to jaw line

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4
Q

Functions of fascia in pectoral region

A
  1. Defines borders
  2. Invests muscles
  3. Creates potential spaces
  4. Consists of: Superficial layers and Deep layers
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5
Q

Contents of the Deltopectoral (clavipectoral) Triangle:

A
  1. Cephalic V
  2. Deltopectoral lymph nodes
  3. Deltoid branch of thoracoacromial A
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6
Q

Borders of the Deltopectoral (clavipectoral) Triangle:

A
  1. Deltoid
  2. Pectoralis major
  3. Middle 1/3 of clavicle
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7
Q

Describe Clavipectoral Fascia

A
  1. Invests subclavius and pectoralis minor
  2. Attaches to clavicle and anterior thoracic
    wall
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8
Q

What pierces the Clavipectoral fascia?

A

Cephalic vein, thoracoacromial a., and lateral pectoral nerves pierce it

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9
Q

Relationship between the Clavipectoral fascia and suspensory ligament of axilla?

A

Becomes suspensory ligament of axilla

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10
Q

List muscles of the pectoral region, describe their attachments and innervations

A

Muscles are innervated by
the ventral rami of spinal nerves via
branches of the brachial plexus.

Include:

  1. Pectoralis major
  2. Pectoralis minor
  3. Subclavius
  4. Serratus anterior
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11
Q

Lists contents of the superficial cervical fascia

A
  1. Platysma muscle
  2. Superficial veins
  3. Cutaneous nerves
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12
Q

Describe the prevertebral fascia and the muscles covered.

A

Covers:
Muscles of the lateral triangle

Extends:
Around anterior surface of the
cervical vertebrae across anterior
midline.

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13
Q

Define the boundaries of the lateral cervical triangle.

A

Anterior: Posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid (STC)
Posterior: Anterior border of the trapezius
Inferior: Clavicle
Roof: Skin, Superficial layer of deep cervical
fascia (aka investing fascia)

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14
Q

List and recognize the muscles of the lateral cervical triangle.

A
  1. Splenius capitis
  2. Levator scapulae (LS)
  3. Scalenus posterior (SP)
  4. Scalenus medius (SM)
  5. Scalenus anterior (SA)
  6. Omohyoid
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15
Q

List vascular and nerve contents of the lateral cervical triangle.

A
  1. Lesser occipital (C2)
  2. Supraclavicular (C3,4)
  3. Accessory (CN XI):
    • To trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
  4. Occipital artery
  5. Transverse cervical artery
  6. Subclavian vein: (SV)
    • Crosses first rib
  7. Subclavian artery: (SA)
    • Crosses first rib
  8. External jugular vein (EJV)
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16
Q

Describe the origin of the spinal accessory nerve and list muscles innervated.

A

Spinal root:
• Arises from C1-C5.
• Fibers pass superiorly through foramen magnum and join cranial root.
• innervates: Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius

Cranial root:
• Arises from medulla

Both roots exit through jugular foramen and separate.

17
Q

Describe the boundaries for the base of the axilla and structures that pass through the axilla.

A 
Base of Axilla (axilla is a pyramid-shaped area)
1. Anterior:
•Pectoralis major muscle
2. Posterior:
•Latissimus dorsi muscle
3. Medial:
•Thoracic wall
4. Lateral:
•Humerus
18
Q

Describe the boundaries for the appex of the axilla and structures that pass through the axilla.

A 
1. Anterior:
• Clavicle
2. Posterior:
• Superior border of the scapula
3. Medial:
• First rib
19
Q

List muscles that make up the posterior and anterior axillary folds.

A

Anterior axillary fold:
• Pectoralis major

Posterior axillary fold
•Latissimus dorsi
•Teres major

20
Q

Identify the major nerves and vessels in the axilla

A

Great vessels:
•Axillary vein and artery
•Cephalic vein and basilic vein
•Axillary lymph nodes

Nerves:
•Long thoracic nerve
•Cords of brachial plexus
•Proximal ends of terminal nerves of brachial plexus

21
Q

What makes up the Anterior Wall of the Axilla?

A
  1. clavicle
  2. (subclavius)
  3. pectoralis major
  4. pectoralis minor
22
Q

What makes up the Posterior Wall of the Axilla?

A
  1. scapula
  2. subscapularis
  3. latissimus dorsi
  4. teres majo
23
Q

Lateral Structures of the Axilla?

A
  1. Intertubercular sulcus (bicipital groove)
  2. Tendon of long head of biceps
  3. Coracobrachialis tendon
24
Q

3 components of the axillary sheath?

A

Axillary veins, artery, and brachial plexus

Anatomy Exam 1 (2 decks)

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