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Anatomy Exam 1 > Lecture 1 Anatomical Orientation > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Anatomical Orientation Flashcards

1
Q

toward or at the belly surface (syn.: anterior)

A

Ventral

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2
Q

toward or at the back surface (syn.: posterior)

A

Dorsal

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3
Q

toward or at the front of the erect (anatomical position) body

A

Anterior

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4
Q

toward or at the back of the back of the erect body

A

Posterior

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5
Q

palm of hand

A

Palmer surface

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6
Q

back of hand and upper surface of the foot

A

Dorsal surface

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7
Q

sole of foot

A

Plantar surface

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8
Q

toward the head

A

Cranial

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9
Q

toward the “tail” or feet

A

Caudal

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10
Q

above or toward the head (implies a relation to gravity)

A

Superior

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11
Q

below or away from the head; toward the lower part of the body (implies a relation to gravity)

A

Inferior

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12
Q

toward the side

A

Lateral

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13
Q

toward the midline

A

Medial

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14
Q

the midline

A

Median

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15
Q

used for a structure lying between two others

A

Middle

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16
Q

toward the attachment of the limb to the trunk

A

Proximal

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17
Q

away from the base (attachment) of the limb

A

Distal

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18
Q

nearer to the surface of the body

A

Superficial

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19
Q

farther from the surface of the body

A

Deep

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20
Q

on the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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21
Q

on opposite sides of the body

A

Contralateral

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22
Q

position of body lying on back, palms facing upward

A

Supine

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23
Q

position of body lying face down with palms facing downward

A

Prone

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24
Q

refers to lateral in the upper limb

A

Radial

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25
Q

refers to medial in the upper limb

A

Ulnar

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26
Q

a real or imaginary straight line around which an object rotates

A

Axis

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27
Q

bending; a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane** around a leftright axis; the prenatal position of the fetus is in a position of total body flexion.

A

Flexion

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28
Q

the straightening out of a bent part; a movement that takes place in a sagittal plane around a left-right axis.

A

Extension

29
Q

movement of extension beyond that necessary to straighten a part (often pathological).

A

Hyperextension

30
Q

moving apart or away from the midline; a movement that takes place in a frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis.

A

Abduction

31
Q

moving together or toward the midline of the body; a movement that takes place in a frontal plane around an anterior-posterior axis.

A

Adduction

32
Q

a combination of successive movements of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in such a fashion that the distal end of the part being moved. This movement describes a circle.

A

Circumduction

33
Q

movement of a part of a body around its long axis.

A

Rotation

34
Q

in the upper limb–a movement of the shoulder joint such that the anterior aspect of the arm (biceps area) moves away from the body; in the lower limb–a movement of the hip joint such that the anterior
aspect of the thigh moves away from the body; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.

A

External (lateral) rotation

35
Q

in the upper limb–a movement of the shoulder joint such that the anterior aspect of the arm moves toward the body; in the lower limb–a movement of the hip joint such that the anterior aspect of the thigh moves toward the body; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.

A

Internal (medial) rotation

36
Q

a moving of a whole part forward.

A

Protraction

37
Q

a moving of a whole part backward.

A

Retraction

38
Q

a medial rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces posteriorly; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.

A

Pronation

39
Q

a lateral rotation of the forearm in such a manner that the palm of the hand faces anteriorly; the movement takes place in a transverse plane around a longitudinal axis.

A

Supination

40
Q

movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a medial direction.

A

Inversion

41
Q

movement of the foot so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.

A

Eversion

42
Q

bending movement of the trunk to either side.

A

Lateral (flexion) of the trunk

43
Q

movement of the hand, at the wrist toward a radial direction .

A

Radial deviation (abduction) of the wrist

44
Q

movement of the hand at the wrist toward an ulnar direction.

A

Ulnar deviation (adduction) of the wrist

45
Q

movement, at the ankle joint, of the dorsum of the foot towards the anterior surface of the leg, or upward.

A

Dorsiflexion

46
Q

movement, at the ankle joint, of the sole of the foot toward the ground, or downward.

A

Plantar flexion

47
Q

confined to one side only.

A

Unilateral

48
Q

relating to, or having, two sides

A

Bilateral

49
Q

Axis of rotation for medial and lateral rotation

A

Cranial-caudal (vertical)

50
Q

Axis of rotation for abduction and adduction

A

Anterior-posterior (dorsal-ventral)

51
Q

Axis of rotation for flexion and extension

A

Left-right (transverse)

52
Q

A _____ is formed by 2 intersecting lines

A

plane

53
Q

Cranio-caudal axis + anteriorposterior axis

A

Median (sagittal; midsagittal; parasagittal)

54
Q

Cranio-caudal axis + left-right axis

A

Frontal (coronal)

55
Q

Anterior-posterior + left-right

A

Transverse (cross-section)

56
Q

What is the Terminologia Anatomica and how does it relate to our use of anatomy?

A

Dictionary that lists internationally understood definitions for all anatomy terms.

57
Q

Reasons to learn surface anatomy

A
  1. Auscultations
  2. Palpitations
  3. Bony landmarks
  4. Dermatomes (neurological assessment)
58
Q

Largest organ in the body

A

Integument

59
Q

3 general components of the integument

A
  1. Epidermis (stratified squamous)
  2. Basal membrane
  3. Dermis (dense irreg CT)
60
Q

5 layers of the epidermis

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. S. lucidum
  3. S. granulosum
  4. S. spinosum
  5. S. basale/germinativum
61
Q

2 layers of the dermis

A
  1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

62
Q

Top layer of the epidermis; dead and keratinized

A

Stratum corneum

63
Q

Lowest layer of the epidermis; innervated, vascularized, and has high mitotic activity

A

Stratum basale/germinativum

64
Q

Layer of the INTEGUMENT that has irregular dense CT, is vascularized, has high collagen and little elastic fibers

A

Dermis

65
Q

Has loose CT, and is separated from the epidermis via basal lamina

A

Papillary layer

66
Q

Has dense irregular CT, and fibrocytes, adipocytes, and macrophages

A

Reticular layer

67
Q

Classification of thick and thin skin depends on

A

Structure of epidermis

68
Q

Integument that sits on CT

A

Superficial fascia

69
Q

Consists of loose bundles of collagen and elastic fibers; aggregates of adipocytes. Supports cutaneous nerves and blood vessels

A

Superficial fascia/hypodermis

Anatomy Exam 1 (2 decks)

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