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The human cell > Lecture 5 and 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 and 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 classes of carbohydrates found at the plasma membrane.

A

Glycolipids
Glycoproteins
Peptidoglycans
Glycoasminoglycans

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2
Q

What is the function of the flagella?

A

To move the cell

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the cilia?

A

To move the cell and the extracellular membrane, to increase the cell’s surface area

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4
Q

What is the purpose of microvilli?

A

To increase the cells’ surface area

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5
Q

What is euchromatin?

A

Losely packed DNA

Transcribed

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6
Q

What is heterochromatin?

A

Densly packed, regulatory

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7
Q

What type of membrane binds a chloroplast?

A

Double membrane

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8
Q

What do ribosomal subunits consist of?

A

rRNA and proteins

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9
Q

What subunits of ribosome do prokaryotes have?

A

30 and 50S

70S all together

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10
Q

What subunits of ribosome do eukaryotes have?

A

40 and 60S

80S all together

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11
Q

What is the purpose of glycosylation?

A

Protect the proteins

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12
Q

How do proteins move through the golgi apparatus?

A

Vesicular trafficking

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13
Q

Name three digestive organelles.

A

Endosomes, lysosomes and peroxisomes

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14
Q

What are the three types of endosome, formed by pinocytosis/phagocytosis?

A

Early, recycling and late endosome

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15
Q

What reaction does catalase catalyse in a peroxisome?

A

Removal of hydrogen peroxide

RH2 +H2O2 –> 2H2O

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16
Q

What organelle is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A

Ribosome

17
Q

Where does prokaryotic metabolism occur?

A

Cytosol

18
Q

How many kingdoms of eukaryotes and prokaryotes are there?

A

5 and 2 respectively

19
Q

What are the eukaryotic kingdoms?

A

Animals, plants, fungi, yeast, amoeba

20
Q

What are the prokaryotic kingdoms?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

21
Q

What groups can archae be split into?

A

Euryarchaeota and crenarcheaota

22
Q

What are the 4 morphologies of prokaryotes?

A

Cocci, baciullus, spirochetes, vibrio

23
Q

Name a bacteria with a multicellular stage.

A

Myxobacteria

24
Q

Name a bacteria that forms colonies.

A

Cyanobacteria

25
Q

What cell in the eye have no nuclei? What else do they lack?

A

Lens fibre cells

Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

What cells have around 2000 mitochondria?

A

Hepatocytes

27
Q

What cells have zero mitochondria?

A

Erthrocytes and some unicellular eukaryotes

28
Q

What eukaryotes have no mitochondria?

A

Microsporidians
Metamonads
Archamoebae

The human cell (10 decks)

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