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The human cell > Lecture 11 and 12 > Flashcards

Lecture 11 and 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during G1 phase?

A

DNA checking/repair
Synthesis of RNA and protein
Generation of new organelles
Increase in cell size

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2
Q

What is duplicated in S phase?

A

Chromosomes

Centrosome

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3
Q

What is a centromere?

A

Complex holding sister chromosomes together

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4
Q

What are cohesins?

A

Large protein complex that holds sister chromatids together

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5
Q

What do cohesins contain?

A

SMC proteins (Structural and maintenance of chromosomes)

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6
Q

What trisomy is down syndrome

A

21

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7
Q

What trisomy is edwards syndrome?

A

18

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8
Q

What trisomy is Patau syndrome?

A

13

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9
Q

What syndrome is caused by an extra X chromosome?

A

Klinefelter syndrome

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10
Q

What syndrome is caused by a missing X chromosome in females?

A

Turner syndrome

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11
Q

What cancer is caused by a 9:22 translocation?

A

Chronic myelogenous leukaemia

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12
Q

What happens during G2?

A

Second proofreading
RNA and protein synthesis resumes
Correct no.chromosome and organelles
Microtubule synthesis

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13
Q

What makes up a centrosome?

A

Centrioles and microtubules

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14
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense

Mitotic spindle assembles between two centrosomes

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15
Q

What happens during prometaphase?

A

Nyclear envelope breaks down
Chromosomes attach to spindle via kinetochores
Chromosomes undergo active movement
Cohesins are removed

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16
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes aligned at equator

Sister chromatids attach to opposite poles of the spindle

17
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Synchronously seperate sister chromatids to form 2 chromosomes,
Pulled towards spindle
Kinetochore microtubles get shorter
Spundle pole moves apart

18
Q

What happens during telophase

A

Daughter chromosomes arive at spindle poles and decondense

Nuclear envelope reaasmebles

19
Q

What make up the microtubules from the centromere?

A

Motor proteins on polar MT’s
Kinetochore MTs
Astral MTs

20
Q

What yeast has a typical eukaryotic cell cycle?

A

S.pombe

21
Q

What budding yeast has a different cell cycle?

A

S.cerevisiae, no G2 phase

22
Q

What complex promotes metaphase-anaphase transition?

A

Anaphase promoting complex

23
Q

What does anaphase promoting complex do?

A

Cause degredation of cyclin cdk complex by adding uniquitin chain

24
Q

What molecule can stimulate proliferation?

A

Mitogens, such as platelet derived growth factor for wound healing

25
Q

What are the 5 stages of prophase I

A

Leptotene (condense), Zygotene (synapse), Pachytene (cross over), Diplotene (migrate) and Diakinesis

The human cell (10 decks)

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