Lecture 11 and 12 Flashcards
What happens during G1 phase?
DNA checking/repair
Synthesis of RNA and protein
Generation of new organelles
Increase in cell size
What is duplicated in S phase?
Chromosomes
Centrosome
What is a centromere?
Complex holding sister chromosomes together
What are cohesins?
Large protein complex that holds sister chromatids together
What do cohesins contain?
SMC proteins (Structural and maintenance of chromosomes)
What trisomy is down syndrome
21
What trisomy is edwards syndrome?
18
What trisomy is Patau syndrome?
13
What syndrome is caused by an extra X chromosome?
Klinefelter syndrome
What syndrome is caused by a missing X chromosome in females?
Turner syndrome
What cancer is caused by a 9:22 translocation?
Chronic myelogenous leukaemia
What happens during G2?
Second proofreading
RNA and protein synthesis resumes
Correct no.chromosome and organelles
Microtubule synthesis
What makes up a centrosome?
Centrioles and microtubules
What happens in prophase?
Chromosomes condense
Mitotic spindle assembles between two centrosomes
What happens during prometaphase?
Nyclear envelope breaks down
Chromosomes attach to spindle via kinetochores
Chromosomes undergo active movement
Cohesins are removed
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes aligned at equator
Sister chromatids attach to opposite poles of the spindle
What happens during anaphase?
Synchronously seperate sister chromatids to form 2 chromosomes,
Pulled towards spindle
Kinetochore microtubles get shorter
Spundle pole moves apart
What happens during telophase
Daughter chromosomes arive at spindle poles and decondense
Nuclear envelope reaasmebles
What make up the microtubules from the centromere?
Motor proteins on polar MT’s
Kinetochore MTs
Astral MTs
What yeast has a typical eukaryotic cell cycle?
S.pombe
What budding yeast has a different cell cycle?
S.cerevisiae, no G2 phase
What complex promotes metaphase-anaphase transition?
Anaphase promoting complex
What does anaphase promoting complex do?
Cause degredation of cyclin cdk complex by adding uniquitin chain
What molecule can stimulate proliferation?
Mitogens, such as platelet derived growth factor for wound healing
What are the 5 stages of prophase I
Leptotene (condense), Zygotene (synapse), Pachytene (cross over), Diplotene (migrate) and Diakinesis
