lecture 5 and 6 Flashcards
early, middle, and late childhood
what happens during physical development in early childhood?
- grow 6.5-7.8 cm/year and gain 4-5 pounds
- slim down, body fat decreases
- brain reaches 95% of adult size by 6 y/o
- able to respond to commands and control emotions
what 6 things happen during the preoperational stage in cognitive development?
- egocentric thinking
- literal and concrete thinking
- magical thinking
- limited sense of time
- precausal thinking
- transductive reasoning (two unrelated events, one causes the other)
what is scaffolding?
supporting the child’s learning by moving from what they know to new knowledge and abilities
what is the more knowledgable other?
the person who who knows more than the learner and assists in their development
What is the zone of proximal development?
the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help
What is over extension?
applying a word to a wider collection of objects and events than is appropriate
What is overregularization?
errors children make when they apply normal grammar rules to all words
what stage of erikson’s theory occurs during early childhood?
initiative vs guilt
what are the 6 kinds of play?
- unoccupied: not playing, just observing
- solitary: alone, maintains focus on activity
- onlooker: watching others play, not engaging in it
- parallel: playing sperately, but close to others
- associative: socializing
- cooperative: activity is organizes, assigned roles
what are 6 early childhood teaching strategies?
- stimulate senses
- allow for manipulation of objects
- frequent repetition and positive reinforcement
- simple explanations
- role playing
- short sessions (<15 minutes)
what stage of erikson’s theory occurs during middle childhood?
industry vs inferiority
what 3 things happen during the concrete operational stage of cognitive development?
- logical thought processes
- identity: some qualities do not change even if object is altered
- reversability: things that are changed can return to orignal state
- reciprocity: changing one quality can be compensated by changing another
what 3 changes may indicate a mental health problem in middle childhood children?
- thinking and feeling
- behaviour
- physical
what are 5 ways to help nuture mental health in middle childhood?
- build strong, caring relationships
- develop self esteem
- listen and respect their feelings
- create a safe, positive home environment
- help solve problems in difficult situations
what are some teaching strategies for middle childhood children?
- encourage independence and active participation
- use logical explanations and analogies, diagrams, and models
- relate to child’s experience
- use play therapy
- 30 minute sessions
