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Crim 131 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Difference mechanisms to which police are held accountable

A
  1. Criminal Code
  2. Civil Law
  3. Provincial Statues
  4. Freedom of Information Acts
  5. Police Acts
  6. Police Boards Complaints Commissions
  7. Investigative units
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2
Q

Police Codes of conduct/ethics are found in

A
  1. Police Acts

2. Police Service Regulations & Procedures Manuals(RPMs)

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3
Q

Define Police Discretion

A

“The power or rights to decide or act according to one’s own judgment” (Griffiths, 2019: 106)

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4
Q

Define Typifications:

A

“Constructs based on patrol officer’s experience that denote what is typical about people and events routinely encountered” (Griffiths, 2019:106)
Abnormality in an neighbourhood would draw attention

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5
Q

Define Recipes for Actions

A

“The action typically taken by patrol officers in various kinds of encounter situations” (Griffiths, 2019: 106)

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6
Q

Define Bias-Free policing

A

“Requires that decisions be based on reasonable suspicion or probable grounds rather than stereotypes about race, religion, ethnicity, gender or other prohibited grounds” ( Canadian Association of chefs of police, 2001 as cited in Griffiths, 2019:106)

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7
Q

Define Pretext policing:

A

“Police stop for searches for a minor reason that are used for more intrusive intervention”( Griffiths, 2019:07)

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8
Q

Criminal Profiling

A

Similar to typification
Reliance on instinct
NOT racial profiling (Griffiths, 2019:107)

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9
Q

Street checks

A

Techniques for information and intelligence gathering

Different reasons to stop a person for a “street check”

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10
Q

Criminal code provides the legal authority to police to use force

A
  1. Duty
  2. Reasonable grounds
  3. Proportional
  4. Responsibility
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11
Q

describe the level of Force Options:

A
  1. Officer Presence
  2. Dialogue: Communications
  3. Empty Hands”: Physical force
  4. Compliance Tools: Equipments/weapons
  5. Lethal Force: Incapacitation
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12
Q

5 Police powers in Investigations

A
  1. Entrapment
  2. Mr. BIg
  3. Search & seizure
  4. Detention/arrest
  5. Accused’s right to remain Silent
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13
Q

Entrapment

A

Police action results in committing an offence that they would. not have committed.
talking someone into committing a crime
Issues of police conduct
Separate from the issue of guilt or innocence
Misuse of Police power

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14
Q

Mr. Big

A

Investigative strat
Police know what the target is suppose to have done
Police use deception and create fictitious situation
Introduce crime suspects to fictitious crime boss: “Mr.Big”
Crime suspects can only join the group if they confess to a major Crime
Misuse of power (illegal)
often leads to false confessions

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15
Q

Search and Seizure

A

R. V. S.A.B [2003 SCC 60] defined reasonable searches:

  1. Permissible by law
  2. Reasonable law
  3. Reasonable manner of search
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16
Q

Search and Seizure (Search Warrant)

A 
require reasonable and probable grounds
Information sworn under oath
Justice of the peace
Required in certain situations
Issued based on information that officer provides
17
Q

Power to detain/arrest is provided by:

A

Criminal Code
Federal statues
Provincial Statues

18
Q

Difference between Detention vs Arrest

A

Detention:
Short period of time
to establish probable cause/reasonable ground
lower standard
Arrest:
Based on Probable cause
Has to be taken to magistrate within a certain span of time
Follows up with a hearing to help with the arrest

19
Q

Accused’s right to remain silent

A

S.7 and s.11 (c) of the Charter

20
Q

2 types of Traditional police Performance Measures

A
  1. Crime rates:
    Number of reported crimes/ total population x 100,000
  2. Clearance rate:
    Number of “cleared crimes/ Number of reported Crimes
21
Q

Models of Policing

A
  1. Professional Model of Policing (3Rs) ( 1st gen )
  2. Community Policing Models ( 3ps) (2nd gen)
  3. Post-Community policing Model ( 3rd Gen )
22
Q

Professional Model of Policing (3Rs)

A

1st Gen
Random Patrol
Random Response
Random investigation

23
Q

Community Policing Models ( 3Ps)

A

2nd Gen
Prevention
Problem-solving
“Partnership with the community” ( Griffiths, 2019:135)

24
Q

Post-Community Policing Model (3Cs)

A

3rd Gen
Crime Prevention
Crime response
Crime attack ( Griffiths, 2019: 136)

25
Q

3 types of Crime prevention program

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
26
Q

Primary crime prevention program

A

Most common for police involvement
identify criminal opportunities
change conditions to prevent crime
(e.g.) neighbourhood watch program

27
Q

Secondary crime prevention programs

A

Focus on Crime Hotspots

“Identifying high-risk offenders” (Griffiths, 2019: 143)

28
Q

Tertiary Crime Prevention Programs

A

“Designed to prevent youth and adults from reoffending” ( Griffiths, 2019:143)

29
Q

4 types of Crime Response Strategies

A
  1. Broken Window Theory
  2. Zero tolerance Policing
  3. Quality-Of-Life Policing
  4. Problem-oriented Policing (POP)
30
Q
  1. Broken Window Theory
A

I dunno kinda fucked eh (LOL)

if minor crimes are left unaddressed, than major crimes will occur in the area
(eg. broken window = neglected neighborhood)

31
Q
  1. Zero Tolerance Policing
A

Strict order maintenance approace
High visibility in Uniform and sometimes a gun
present a strong presence

32
Q
  1. Quality-of-Life policing
A

Efforts to improve conditions in an area
Done by targeting certain behaviours
(e.g.) loitering, public drug/alcohol use

33
Q
  1. Problem-oriented Policing (POP)
A

Address the root causes of the crim

(e.g.) gang crimes

34
Q

Two types of Crime Attack Strategies

A
  1. Tactical-Directed Patrol:
    “Usually either location or person is Oriented” (Griffiths, 2019:148)
  2. Targeting high-risk offenders
35
Q

Policing & vulnerable Groups

A
  1. Mental illness
  2. Marginalized Women
  3. LGBTQ community
36
Q

Starlight tour

A

FROM: GRIFFITHS: P.112- IN ESSENCE INDIGENOUS PERSONS BEING PICKED UP BY OFFICERS AND LEAVING THEM IN DIRE CIRCUMSTANCES OUTSIDE OF TOWN (HAS RESULTED IN DEATHS)

Crim 131 (7 decks)

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