Lecture 1

Question 1

4 main components of CJS

Answer 1

1. Police
2. Courts
3. Corrections
4. Accused people/offenders

Question 2

Other stake holders of CJS

Answer 2

1. Victims

2. Community

Question 3

Criminal justice system is shaped by

Answer 3

1. Law
2. Religion
3. Morality
4. Ethics
5. Science

Question 4

Define Crime

Answer 4

An act or omission that is prohibited by Criminal Law (Griffths, 2019:6)

Question 5

Two essential elements of Crimes

Answer 5

1. Actus Reus: the Act

2. Mens Rea-the Intent, The mental state (guilty mind)

Question 6

Define Deviance

Answer 6

Behaviour contrary to the norms and values of the larger society. (eg gothic)

Question 7

Criminal Law/legislation is influenced by:

Answer 7

1. Social Milieu(things change over time)
2. Economics (Mortgages, increasing housing prices)
3. Politics
4. “moral entrepreneurs” (Community groups who pressure gov. to change the law)

Question 8

Two Models of Criminology

Answer 8

1. Value Consensus Model

2. Conflict Model

Question 9

Value consensus model

Answer 9

1. Assumes consensus in the whole community (regarding what should be illegal)
2. Posits crime punishments reflect general societal values

Question 10

Conflict model

Answer 10

1. Posits that crime/punishments reflect the values of the rich/powerful. (favours rich and powerful help them stay that way)

Question 11

Two types of Canadian Law:

Answer 11

1. Substantive Law

2. Procedural Law

Question 12

Principles of Common Law

Answer 12

1. Precedent previous decisions set the standard for future judgments
2. Stare Decisis: standing by previous decisions

Question 13

Substantive law

Answer 13

Law that sets out the rights and obligations of each person in society; includes criminal code

Question 14

Procedural Law

Answer 14

The legal processes that protect and enforce the rights set out in substantive law

Question 15

Common Law

Answer 15

Law that is based on custom, tradition, and practice and is generally unwritten