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Small Animal Nutrition > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Achlasia

A

Motility disorders of oesophagus

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2
Q

What does achalasia cause

A

Dysphagia, regurgitation, weight loss

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3
Q

When is achalasia seen

A

Post weaning with introduction of food

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4
Q

What is cricopharyngeal achalasia

A

Upper oesophageal sphincter disorder

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5
Q

what is Megaoesophagus (oesophageal ectasia)

A

Dilation due to insufficient or uncoordinated peristalsis. It can be congenital or acquired

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6
Q

Where is congenital megaoesphagus

A

Persistent R forth aortic arch (vascular ring anomaly)

- Aorta, pulmonary artery and ductus arterioles

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7
Q

What is congenital megaoesphagus

A

Obstruction and dilation cranial to the heart

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8
Q

What is Idiopathic Denervation, Myasthenia gravis

A

Dilation cranial to stomach

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9
Q

Megaoesophagus: acquired megaoesophagus causes

A
  • Idiopathic denervation
  • Polymyositis
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Lead poisoning
  • Peripheral neuropathies
  • Oesophagitis
  • Recurrent gastric dilation
  • Breed predilection
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10
Q

Name the oesophageal parasites

A
  1. Gongylonema (nematodes)
  2. Gasterophilus (fly larvae)
  3. Hypoderma lineatum (warble fly larvae)
  4. Spirocerca lupi (nematodes)
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11
Q

List some disorders of the ruminant forestomach

A
  1. Bloat
  2. Foreign bodies
  3. Ruminal acidosis
  4. Rumenitis
  5. Traumatic reticulitis
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12
Q

Define bloat

A

Overdistension of rumen and reticulum by fermentation gases

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13
Q

Define frothy bloat (primary tympany)

A

Fermentation gases trapped in stable foam: not readily educated

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14
Q

What gives pasture bloat

A

Legumes: clover, alfalfa

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15
Q

What gives feedlot bloat

A

Fine ground grain, bacterial slime

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16
Q

What is a free gas bloat (secondary tympany)

A

Animal is unable to eructate free gas in rumen

17
Q

What are some examples of free gas bloat

A

Partial obstruction of oesophagus
Altered rumenoreticular motility
Posture

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of bloat (ruminal tympany)

A
  • Distended left paralumbar fossa
  • Distended abdomen
  • Increased respiratory and heart rates
  • Dyspnea
  • Sudden death
19
Q

What does engorgement of carbohydrates lead do

A

Ruminal acidosis as it is highly fermentable, CHO rich feed

20
Q

What necropsy findings would there be if there is a carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis

A
  • Water, acidic ruminal and intestinal contents
  • Large amount of grain in rumen
  • Mucosa of ruminal papillae brown, friable, sloughs
21
Q

What histopathology findings would there be if there is a carbohydrate overload, ruminal acidosis and rumenitis

A
  • Ruminal epithelium is damaged
    • Hydropic changes
    • Coagulative necrosis
    • Influx of neutrophils
22
Q

What is seen in an animal with lactic acidosis

A

Pale stellate scars on ruminal mucosa

23
Q

What is bacterial rumenitis

A

Secondary to acidosis/mechanical rumen injury

Bacteria often migrates via portal circulation to liver (hepatic abscesses)

24
Q

What is the bacteria in bacterial rumenitis

A
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum

- Truperella progenes

25
Q

What is mycotic (fungal) rumenitis

A
  • Can develop several days after ruminal acidosis/injury
  • Can also be secondary to antibiotics
  • Can spread to placenta
26
Q

What is vagus indigestion

A

Functional outflow problem from fore stomachs

27
Q

What is Type I vagus ingestion

A

Failed erucatation -> bloat e.g inflammation of vagus N

28
Q

What is Type II vagus ingestion

A

Failed transport from the omasum into abomasum e.g. TRP adhesions, obstruction due to neoplasia

29
Q

What is Type III vagus ingestion

A

Physical impaction by feed, abomasa displacement and volvulus

30
Q

What is Type IV vagus ingestion

A

Pregnancy related -> shifting position of the abomasum due to the increased size of the foetus causing compression of abdominal branches of the vagus N

Small Animal Nutrition (6 decks)

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