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Adv Cell Bio - Quiz 01 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Protein content is regulated by?

A

1) Tx and Translation frequency

2) Protein life

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2
Q

How does RNA polymerase link to ribonucleotides?

A

phosphodiester bonds

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3
Q

What are the functions non-coding RNAs?

A

enzymatic, structural, regulatory

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4
Q

What are the sequences necessary for transcription?

A

promoter, RNA-coding sequence, terminator

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5
Q

cistronic mRNA

A

mono - eukaryote and poly in prokaryotes

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6
Q

What specifies promoter strength?

A

promoter sequence

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7
Q

Which is more varied? Bacterial terminators or promoters? Explain why.

A

Terminators are more varied because they encode a hair-loop

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA polymerases in Eukaryotes? How are they similar/different?

A

Types 1-3

similar structure, share subunits, but different functions

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9
Q

RNA polymerase II requires what to initiate transcription?

A

general transcription factor (TFII)

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10
Q

TFii

A

general transcription factor required by RNA polymerase II, recognizes promoter to open DNA and release DNA from promoter

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11
Q

TFIID with subunit TBP recognizes what?

A

TATA box for transcription initiation

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12
Q

General transcription factors form what?

A

transcription initiation complex

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13
Q

What starts elongation phase?

A

CTD PHOSPHORYLATION

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14
Q

Role of elongation factors ?

A

associate with RNA polymerase during elongation to 1) enhance RNA polymerase processing or
2) to help move it along the genome

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15
Q

How does negative/positive supercoiling dictate DNA opening?

A
  • supercoiling: helix opening facilitated

+ supercoiling: hinders opening

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16
Q

What introduces supercoils? What enzyme removes suprcoils?

A

Big enzymes introduces supercoils, topoisomerases removes them

17
Q

What happens to Eukaryotic RNA before nuclear export?

A

Primary RNA transcript is processed: 5’ capping, RNA splicing 3’ polyadelynation

18
Q

mRNA export from nucleus is blocked if?

A

end modifications aren’t present or mRNA binding proteins are absent/present

19
Q

RNA splicing removes?

A

introns from newly transcribed pre-mRNA

20
Q

pre-mRNA splicing reaction mechanism

A

spiceosome recognizes: 5’ and 3’ splice site, branch point of lariat structure.

spliceosome catalyzes transesterification reaction

21
Q

core spliceosome comprises of?

A

5 small nuclear snRNAS which forms a small RNP with other proteins

22
Q

how are splice sites identified?

A

base pairing between snRNA and pre-mRNA consensus sites?

23
Q

RNA splicing mistakes

A

exon skipping, cryptic splice site selection

24
Q

2 mechanisms to enhance splicing fidelity?

A

1) mark splice sites with spliceosome subunits as they occur on nascent RNA chain
2) exon definition hypothesis

25
Q

What effect does chromatin structure have on splicing?

A

1) tight chromatin slows down RNA polymerase (more time for splice site recognition to reduce exon skipping) 2) histone modifications recruit splice components which affects splice site selection

26
Q

hOW IS 3’ END generated?

A

RNA-processing enzymes make the 3’ end through polyadenylation signals that lead to transcription termination in mammals

27
Q

What are 2 RNA binding proteins that recognize polyadenylation signals?

A

Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor (AUAAA) and Cleavage stimulation factor (GU-rich)

28
Q

What happens after RNA cleavage?

A

RNA pol. II keeps elongation until it is destabilized by exonuclease (5–>3)

29
Q

How is mRNA synthesis made to be more efficient?

A

combining active genes in mRNA production factories

30
Q

Exosome

A

degrades nuclear junk RNA, processes rRNA, determines RNA life time in cytosol

31
Q

What happens to mature mRNA?

A

BINDS to exportins and exported to cytosol

32
Q

spiceosome recognizes?

A

5’ –> 3’ splice site and branch point of lariat

Adv Cell Bio - Quiz 01 (6 decks)

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