Lecture 5, 6, 7 dr chase old age

Question 1

Betweentheagesof35-45,myopeshave _______
accommodationamplitudethannon-­myopes.

A) worse
B) better
C) thesame

Answer 1

B) better

Question 2

AccordingtoChaseetal2009,eyestrainsymptomscorrelate best with:

A) amplitudeofaccommodation.
B) facilityofaccommodation.
C) open­fieldautorefraction.
D) MEMretinoscopy.

Answer 2

C) open­fieldautorefraction.

Question 3

AmslerGridtestsfor

A) distortionsinthevisualfield
B) blindspotsinthevisualfield
C)bothdistortionsandblindspotsinthevisualfield

Answer 3

C)bothdistortionsandblindspotsinthevisualfield

Question 4

Amsler Grid abnormalities dramatically increase after the age of:

A) 55
B) 65
C) 75
D) 85

Answer 4

C) 75

Question 5

A_____%reductioninUsefulFieldofViewisassociatedwitha
significantincreaseincaraccidents.

A) 20
B) 30
C) 40
D) 50

Answer 5

C) 40

Question 6

Agingincreasesdarkadaptationthresholdof

A) rodsmorethancones.
B) conesmorethanrods.
C) bothrodsandcones.
D) neither, aging decreases dark adaption threshold

Answer 6

C) bothrodsandcones.

Question 7

AccordingtoChaseetal(2010),symptomaticcollege
studentswitheyestrain
 
A) havetroublesoundingoutwords.
B) havepoorreadingcomprehension.
C) areslowerreaders.
D)havetroublesoundingoutwords,havepoorreading
comprehension,andareslowerreaders.

Answer 7

C) areslowerreaders.

Question 8

Monoculardepthoffocusisabout\_\_\_\_\_\_fora5mmpupil
but\_\_\_\_\_fora1mmpupil.
 
  A) 0.5D,0.5D
  B) 0.5D,2.5D
 C) 2.5D,0.5D
 D) 2.5D,2.5D

Answer 8

B) 0.5D,2.5D

Question 9

Earlystudiesofaccommodationamplitudeshowedthat
sustainednearfocus

A) reducedamplitudeformostindividuals.
B) increasedamplitudeformostindividuals.
C) hadvariableeffectonamplitude.

Answer 9

C) hadvariableeffectonamplitude.

Question 10

Using50%accommodationreservesasthecriteria,which
amplitudescorewouldbeconsideredevidenceofpresbyopia
fornormalreadingdistance?

A) 10D
B) 8D
C) 6D
D) 4D

Answer 10

D) 4D

Question 11

AccordingtoBartuccioetal(2008),themostwidelyprescribe
treatment foraccommodationinsufficiencywas

A) visiontherapy.
B) pluslensof0.75Dand1.00D.
C) pluslensof1.25Dand1.50D.
D) selectedcoloroverlays.

Answer 11

B) pluslensof0.75Dand1.00D

Question 12

IntheReindeletal.2010study,whatwasthemostcommon
accommodation abnormalityamongsymptomatic30 ­year
olds?

A) iIl-­sustainedaccommodation.
B) Accommodationinsufficiency.
C) Accommodationinfacility.

Answer 12

A) iIl-­sustainedaccommodation

Question 13

IntheReindeletal.2010study,whatproportionof30­40yearoldshadaccommodationabnormalities?

A) 50-­60%
B) 60-­70%
C) 70-­80%
D) Over80%

Answer 13

D) Over80%

Question 14

Hofstetter’sformulaforminimumaccommodationamplitude
(15­-0.25xAge)impliesthat_____Dofamplitudeis
______witheachyearofageuntilabout40yearsold.

A) 15,lost
B) 15,gained
C) 0.25,lost
D) 0.25,gained

Answer 14

C) 0.25,lost

Question 15

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue:

A) Symptomprevalenceamongcollegestudentsislessthan10%.
B) Symptomprevalenceamonggraduatestudentsislower
thancollegestudents.
C) Symptomprevalenceamonggraduatestudentsishigher
thancollegestudents

Answer 15

C)Symptomprevalenceamonggraduatestudentsishigher
thancollegestudents (17% of students from claremont college and 72% of them were female, graduate students were even higher)

Question 16

UV­Aisabsorbedbythe_____andUV-B isabsorbedbythe_____.

A) cornea,lens
B) lens, cornea
C) cornea,retina
D) retina,cornea

Answer 16

B) lens, cornea (UVA=315-400nm, UVB=280-315nm)

Question 17

Nuclearsclerosiscataractsaffectwhatproportionofthe
population?

A) 17%ofthose40yearsofageandolder.
B) 68%ofthose80yearsofageandolder.
C) 68%ofthose40yearsofageandolder.
D )17%ofthose40yearsofageandolderand68%of
those80yearsofageandolder.

Answer 17

D) 17%ofthose40yearsofageandolderand68%of

those80yearsofageandolder.

Question 18

AccordingtoSheedyetal.2003,whatisthemostlikelycauseof the2 symptom clusters associated with eye strain:

A) binoculardisordersanddryeye.
B) dryeyeandglare.
C) blurredvisionandtearing.
D) glareandbinoculardisorders.

Answer 18

A) binoculardisordersanddryeye.

Question 19

TheDDFmodelofpresbyopiashowsthat

A)withincreasesintheaccommodationstimulusdemand,
responsessteadilydecreasewithage.
B) withincreasesintheaccommodationstimulusdemand,
responsessteadilyincreasewithage.
C)withdecreasesintheaccommodationstimulusdemand, responses steadily increase with age
D)withdecreasesintheaccommodationstimulusdemand,
responses steadily decrease with age

Answer 19

A) withincreasesintheaccommodationstimulusdemand,

responsessteadilydecreasewithage.

Question 20

For a sixty-year old, it takes less than 20 seconds to recover from glare of the on-coming lights of
another car, but for a person in her/his 80’s on average it could be as high as:

A) 25 seconds.
B) 30 seconds.
C) 40 seconds.
D) 50 seconds.

Answer 20

D) 50 seconds.

Question 21

which is NOT a structural change in vision due to aging?

A) increased pupil diameter
B) loss of photoreceptors
C) increased light scatter and absorption by the ocular media
D) thicker lens

Answer 21

A) increased pupil diameter (pupils get smaller with age)

Question 22

Which of the following is not one of the 3 related issues of eye strain?

A) accomodative function
B) age-related cataracts
C) changes in near-work tasks over time
D) near work in general

Answer 22

B) age-related cataracts

Question 23

Which symptom is least common, most common

A) soreness, blur
B) movement/fading, re-reading
C) glare, diplopia
D) headache, blur

Answer 23

B) movement/fading, re-reading

Question 24

Name the 2 accomodation systems

Answer 24

sensory-motor and perception

Question 25

retinoscopy and amplitude _____ accommodation A) overestimates B) underestimates

Answer 25

A) overestimates (by about 2.00D in adults and much more in children)

Question 26

only _____ ___ predicts asthenopia symptom severity

Answer 26

accommodative lag

Question 27

which is better to use: A) amplitude of accomodation B) accommodative lag via autorefractor

Answer 27

B) accommodative lag via autorefractor

Question 28

The lens ____ with accommodation A) bulges B) flattens C) stays the same shape D) moves side to side

Answer 28

A) bulges

Question 29

with the rule (vertical) astigmatism ______ with age while against the rule (horizontal) astigmatism _______ with age and oblique astigmatism _____ with age A) increases, decreases, stays the same B) decreases, increases, stays the same C) stays the same, increases, decreases D) stays the same, decreases, increases

Answer 29

B) decreases, increases, stays the same

Question 30

Amplitude of accommodation decreases ____ after age 40 A) 0.2D B) 0.4D C) 0.6D D) 0.8D

Answer 30

B) 0.4D

Question 31

_____ maintain better amplitude A) myopes B) hyperopes

Answer 31

A) myopes

Question 32

anisometropia ______ with age A) increases B) decreases C) tends to stay the same

Answer 32

A) increases (0.4D difference for 50 year olds, 0.9D difference for 85+ year olds). Amsler grid abnormalities, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity and color vision failures also increase with age.

Question 33

Which hazard factor is worse for elderly risk of car accident? A) binocular visual fields B) useful field of view C) glare sensitivity D) near work eye strain

Answer 33

C) glare sensitivity. Glare for elderly is practically blinding, this is why they drive so slow.