lecture 1 embryonic eye development

Question 1

receptive fields are first _____ and later become _____

Answer 1

anisotropic, isotropic

Question 2

glutamate receptors first appear on what?

Answer 2

off bipolar cells

Question 3

(T or F) the pupillary membrane usually regresses but may persist after birth

Answer 3

true

Question 4

adult retinal progenitor cells come from what part of the eye?

Answer 4

ciliary body

Question 5

(T or F) amacrine cells have stronger on responses

Answer 5

true

Question 6

retinal cells are derived from retinal cell progenetors, either cone or ganglion or both. name the progenitor for the following

A) bipolar cells
B) horizontal cells
C) amacrine cells
D) rods

Answer 6

A) both
B) cone
C) ganglion
D) both

Question 7

which of the following develop from the optic cup?

A) retina
B) lens
C) pigmented epithelium
D) iris

Answer 7

A, C, and D (lens is developed from lens placode)

Question 8

during weeks 3-4, the _____ becomes the optic nerve

Answer 8

optic stalk

Question 9

eye fields develop from

A) posterior neural ectoderm
B) anterior neural plate
C) posterior neural plate
D) anterior neural ectoderm

Answer 9

B) anterior neural plate

Question 10

(T or F) the lens vesicle is derived from neural endoderm

Answer 10

false (lens comes from surface ectoderm)

Question 11

which tissue does the eye not originate from?

A) anterior neural plate
B) prosencephalon
C) mesencephalon
D) eye fields

Answer 11

C) mesencephalon

Question 12

(T or F) the hyaloid artery surrounds the back of the lens and follows the choroid fissure during eye development

Answer 12

true

Question 13

give the order in which retina cells populate the retina

Answer 13

1) amacrine cells
2) (cones, ganglion, and horizontal)
3) rods
4) bipolar cells
5) muller cells

Question 14

what is the first sulci “fold” that happens in the brain? when in development does it happen?

Answer 14

when the eye fields/optic grooves fold in at 22 days gestation

Question 15

day 17 marks the development of what?
day 25 marks the development of what?
day 29 marks the development of what?

Answer 15

day 17=eye fields, day 25 =optic groove, 29=optic stalk and optic vesicle

Question 16

the optic groove becomes which 2 things?

Answer 16

the optic stalk and the optic vesicle

Question 17

the lens placode will become invaginated during which week(s)?

Answer 17

weeks 5-6

Question 18

lens is on the inside by week ___

Answer 18

6

Question 19

name the artery responsible for providing nutrients to growing ocular cells during development

Answer 19

hyaloid artery

Question 20

name the opening in the optic vesicle that allows for the hyaloid artery to grow into

Answer 20

choroid fissure

Question 21

how is the anterior chamber formed?

Answer 21

posterior lens fibers send a message to the anterior lens fibers to undergo apoptosis

Question 22

The outer corneal epithelium comes from ____?

Answer 22

surface ectoderm

Question 23

The inner corneal layer comes from ____?

Answer 23

neural crest tissue

Question 24

The RPE consists of how many layers?

Answer 24

1 cell layer thick

Question 25

during weeks 7-8, the RPE ____ and the retina____

Answer 25

thins, thickens

Question 26

what is the job of the radial glia?

Answer 26

they help cells migrate to the right location

Question 27

muller cells respond to ____

Answer 27

injury

Question 28

(T or F) It is good practice to patch an infants eye

Answer 28

NO, don’t ever patch an infants eye. light stimulation is crucial to having well formed neural pathways.

Question 29

(T or F) Muller glia act as retinal progenitors in adults

Answer 29

true

Question 30

(T or F) 3 days of monocular deprivation during the critical period of vision development is sufficient to cause a significant change in vision

Answer 30

true

Question 31

What effect does dark rearing mice for their first 3 weeks of life have on their visual development?

A) Ocular dominance columns do not develop at all
B). The fraction of bi-stratified On-Off ganglion cells increases
C) The fraction of Off bipolar cells increases
D) Significant photoreceptor degeneration occurs

Answer 31

B). The fraction of bi-stratified On-Off ganglion cells increases