Lecture 5

Question 1

It is written in closer correspondence to everyday speeches. It means that ‘you write it how you say it’.

Answer 1

Prose

Question 2

…written within the common flow of conversation in sentences and paragraphs.

Answer 2

Prose

Question 3

It is often meant to designate a conscious, cultivated writing, not merely bringing together of vocabularies, a listing idea, a catalog of objects.

Answer 3

Prose

Question 4

True or false about Prose:
It is without sustained rhythmic regularity.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false about Prose:
It has logical, grammatical order, and its ideas are connectedly stated rather than merely listed.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or false about Prose:
It is characterized by style, though the style will vary from writer to writer.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or false about Prose:
It will secure variety of expression through diction and through sentence structure.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Ang (2012) said that it is the most popular form of literature.

Answer 8

Expository Prose - Essay

Question 9

An ________ is a form of prose writing, not primarily narrative, in which the writer shares his thoughts and ideas, his feelings and emotions, and his observations on some phrases of life that caught his interest (Ramallosa, 2000).

Answer 9

essay

Question 10

It is written to convey an idea or series of ideas that may inform, entertain, argue or merely describe something trivial or profound.

Answer 10

Essay

Question 11

Essay comes from the French word, _____ which means trial or test.

Answer 11

essai

Question 12

_______ is a short literary composition which is expository in nature

Answer 12

Essay

Question 13

• impersonal and objective essay
• deals with serious and important topics like philosophy, theology, science and politics
• has an authoritative and scholarly
  style and shows the writer’s masterful grasp of the topic
• its formal tone echoes a detached, objective, clear straight forward expression

Answer 13

Formal essay

Question 14

• personal and subjective essay
• covers the light, ordinary, even common place subjects through a bubbling, casual, conversational, friendly, often humorous but equally insightful, stance as the formal essay.

Answer 14

Informal Essay

Question 15

■ a fictitious narrative with a complicated plot; it may have a main plot and one or more sub-plots that develop with the main plot; characters and actions representative of the real life of past or present times are portrayed in a plot; it is made up of chapters

Answer 15

Novel

Question 16

• prose narratives that are intermediate between the short story and the novels
• about 50 to 150 ordinary pages long, but no exact limits given as to length
• more elaborate than a short story but can be read in a single sitting and can produce a single, concentrated effect

Answer 16

Novelette

Question 17

• a brief, artistic form which is centered on a single main incident and is intended to produce a single
  dominant impression
• has a simple plot, few characters, usually of one setting, and is concerned with only one idea
• could be read at one sitting.

Answer 17

Short story

Question 18

A brief short story, usually between 500 and 2,000 words in length, with a ‘twist’ or surprise ending. Its best practitioner was O. Henry.

Answer 18

Short-short story

Question 19

A short, fictitious narrative which points out a oral or spiritual truth.

Answer 19

Parable

Question 20

A brief tale, either in prose or verse, told to point a moral. The characters are most frequently animals, but need not be restricted since people and inanimate objects as well are sometimes the central figures. The subject matter of fables has to do with supernatural and unusual incidents and often draws it origin of folklore

Answer 20

Fable

Question 21

_____ differ from legends in that they have less of historical background and more of the supernatural; they differ from the fable in that they are less concerned with moral didacticism and are the product of a racial group rather than the creation of an individual.

Answer 21

Myth

Question 22

A _____ is distinguished from a myth in that the legend has more of historical truth and perhaps less of the supernatural.

It often indicate the lore of a people, and in this way, serve as at least partial expressions of the racial or national spirit.

Answer 22

Legends

Question 23

Elements of Narrative Prose:

It is what the story is all about which is particular or specific, therefore only one.

Answer 23

Subject

Question 24

Elements of Narrative Prose:

• Theme is a story’s central idea
• Can be directly stated or the readers must infer themes from clues in the key story elements such as the title of the story; how characters change and the lesson they learn about life; conflicts in story in action; and words and phrases that express important ideas such as courage or freedom.

Answer 24

Theme

Question 25

Elements of Narrative Prose: - The atmosphere or emotional effect generated by the words, images, situations in a literary work (the emotional ambience of the work), for example, melancholy, joyous, tense, oppressive and so on.

Answer 25

Mood

Question 26

Elements of Narrative Prose: - the framework of the story - the sequence of events in story, arranged and linked by causality. - a unified plot includes an exposition, a climax, a falling action and a denouement or resolution or conclusion.

Answer 26

Plot

Question 27

Elements of Narrative Prose: (Plot) It is the introductory material that creates the tone, gives the setting, introduces the characters, and supplies other facts necessary to understanding a work of literature.

Answer 27

Exposition

Question 28

Elements of Narrative Prose: (Plot) - It is the second section of the typical plot, in which the main character begins to grapple with the story’s main conflict; the ______ contains several events usually are arranged in an order of increasing importance.

Answer 28

Rising action

Question 29

Elements of Narrative Prose: (Plot) - a rhetorical term for a rising order of importance in the ideas expressed - the point of highest interest, where the reader makes the greatest emotional response - it designates the turning point in the action, the crisis at which the rising action reverses and becomes the falling action.

Answer 29

Climax

Question 30

Elements of Narrative Prose: (Plot)

Question 31

Elements of Narrative Prose: (Plot) - It is part of the plot after the climax, containing events caused by the climax and contributing to the resolution.

Answer 31

Falling action

Question 32

Elements of Narrative Prose: (Plot) - the final unraveling of a plot; the solution of a mystery; an explanation or outcome - implies an ingenious untying of the knot of an intrigue, involving not only a satisfactory outcome of the main situation but an explanation of all the secrets and misunderstandings connected with the plot complication

Answer 32

Denouement/Resolution

Question 33

Plot Device: - is an earlier or past event is inserted into the present or the normal chronological order of a narrative - various methods may be used to present this literary device, among them are recollections of characters, narration by the characters, dream sequences, and reveries.

Answer 33

flashback

Question 34

Plot Device: - tells what will happen next in the story - the writer’s use of hints or clues to indicate events that will occur later in the story. - the use of this technique both creates suspense and prepares the reader for what is to come.

Answer 34

Foreshadowing

Question 35

Elements of Narrative Prose: The physical, and sometimes spiritual, background against which the action of a narrative takes place.

Answer 35

Setting

Question 36

Elements of Narrative Prose: A term used in the analysis and criticism of fiction to describe the way in which the reader is presented with the materials of the story or viewed from another angle, the vantage point from which the author presents the actions of the story.

Answer 36

POV

Question 37

The writer uses the pronoun “I”. He/she could be a participant or a character in his own work; the narrator may be the protagonist, an observer, a minor character, or the writer himself/herself

Answer 37

First Person

Question 38

The writer-narrator is a character in the story. He/she narrates the based on what he observed / his opinion. On the other hand, a limited third person is an outsider/observer who is not part of the story.

Answer 38

Third Person

Question 39

The writer-narrator sees all; he can see into the minds of characters and even report everyone’s innermost thoughts.

Answer 39

Omniscient

Question 40

Elements of Narrative Prose: An ____ is a literary term referring to how a person, situation, statements, or circumstance is not as it would actually seem. Many times it the exact opposite of what it appears to be.

Answer 40

Irony

Question 41

_______ is when an author says one thing and means something else.

Answer 41

Verbal irony

Question 42

_______ is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.

Answer 42

Dramatic irony

Question 43

________ is a discrepancy between the expected result and actual result.

Answer 43

Situational irony

Question 44

Elements of Narrative Prose: _____ is the representation of a human being; persons involved in a conflict.

Answer 44

Character

Question 45

- considered to be the main character or lead figure in a novel, play, story, or poem - also be referred to as the “hero” of a work

Answer 45

Protagonist

Question 46

a character in a story or poem who deceives, frustrates, or works against the main character, or protagonist, in some way could be death, the devil, an illness, or any challenge that prevents the main character from living “happily ever after”

Answer 46

Antagonist

Question 47

a protagonist who has opposite of most of the traditional attributes of a hero.

Answer 47

Antihero

Question 48

a character who is the same sort of person at the end of a story as s/he was at the beginning

Answer 48

Flat

Question 49

a character who is complex, multidimensional, and convincing

Answer 49

Round

Question 50

- one whose nature is familiar from prototypes in previous fiction - has only one outstanding trait or feature, or at the most a few distinguishing marks

Answer 50

Stereotype

Question 51

a character who, during the course of a story, undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of his/her personality or outlook

Answer 51

Dynamic

Question 52

It is referred as clash of wills in a story. Characters do not agree with one another that is why it resulted with conflict. Conflicts are categorized into internal and external conflict. In a story, there may be more than one conflict present. For instance, the protagonist may experience man vs. himself as well as man vs nature as well as man vs. society.

Answer 52

Conflict

Question 53

A ______ in literature is a concrete object, event or character in the story which presents an abstract idea like love, patriotism, etc. The meaning of a symbol is revealed through the context of the story. (Lacia and Gonong, 2003)

Answer 53

symbol