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143 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Pollution sources

A
  • Livestock farm waste
  • Human sewage
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2
Q

How can organic pollution harm macroinvertebates?

A
  • Clogs gills with suspended solids
  • Nutrients increase microbial activity - low oxygen
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3
Q

What can effect the sensitivity of macroinvertebrate species?

A
  • The mode of oxygen intake
  • Gills - able to clog, especially if external and not protected. Some species can over compensate in low O2 levels but this takes up energy
  • Spiracles - more tolerant to clogging
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4
Q

Effects of sewage input on oxygen levels

A
  • Nutrient increase microbial activity
  • This increases biological oxygen demand (BOD)
  • Lowering of oxygen saturation (DO)
  • Water quality recovers with distance downstream
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5
Q

Effects of sewage input on river biota

A
  • Suspended solids clog gills and reduces light pentration
  • So, less algae, macroinvertebra and more bacteria and sewage “fungus”
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6
Q

Clean water species

A
  • Mayflies
  • Stoneflies
  • Damselflies
  • Dragonflies
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7
Q

Stoneflies

A
  • 1-4 years
  • CPOM, detritus
  • External gill on abdomen and neck
  • Gills subject to clogging
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8
Q

Mayflies

A
  • 1-2 years
  • Detritus, periphyton
  • External gills on abdomen
  • Gills very sensitive to clogging
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9
Q

Damselflies

A
  • 2-3 years
  • Other macroinvertebrates
  • 3 external tail gills
  • More sensitive than dragonflies
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10
Q

Dragonflies

A
  • 2-3 years
  • Other macroinvertebrates
  • Internal rectal gills
  • Can overcompensate at low O2 levels
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11
Q

Caddisflies

A
  • Mild pollution species
  • 1 year
  • Detritus, periphyton
  • Soft bodied, builds cases, abdomen gills
  • Gills, cases subject to clogging
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12
Q

Alderflies

A
  • Moderate pollution species
  • 2 years
  • Macroinvertbrates
  • Protected gills
  • Tolerant
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13
Q

True flies (Diptera)

A
  • Severe pollution species
  • 1-2 years
  • FPOM
  • Lack thoraic legs, spiacles
  • Very tolerant
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14
Q

Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP)

A
  • Stardardised assessment of river water quality
  • 3 min kick sample, record families, assign a score
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15
Q

Site score (BMWP)

A

Sum of scores of individual familes present

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16
Q

Average score per taxon (ASPT)

A

BMWP/number of familes

17
Q

How can you tell if a river is in good qaulity?

A

Compare expected ASPT to observed

18
Q

River InVertebrate Prediction and Classification System (RIVPACS)

A
  • Uses 12 environmental attriubutes to assign a reference river
  • Lists expected macroinvertebate families and observed families
  • 614 sites, only 35 are pristine
19
Q

Organisms use pros

A
  • Ubiquitous
  • Large number of species
  • sedentary nature
  • Long life cycles
20
Q

Organism use cons

A
  • Don’t respond to all impacts
  • sEasonal variability
  • Drift into areas
21
Q

Technique pros

A
  • Cheap and easy
  • Taxonomy well sorted
  • Many methods of data anaylisis
22
Q

Technique cons

A
  • Quanititve sampling difficult
  • Some groups taxonomicall difficult

143 (12 decks)

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