Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is homeostasis
the state of steady internal physical and chemical conditions maintained by living systems
At water balance:
water gained = water lost
Osmosis:
molecules of solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more comcentrated one, equalizing the concentrations on each side
What are ways animals take in water
drinking, through skin, from food, produced by chemical reactions
What is rain harvesting
skin has channels, they do a body position in rain and collect water in channels, drink it through side of mouth
What do salamanders have to absorb water
costal grooves
What are ways animals lose water
evaporation, urine and feces and salt glands save water
Estivation:
dormancy-like state during hot and dry periods, characterized by inactivity and lowered metabolic rate
What are behavioural regulations to prevent water loss
- reduce surface area
- not active during day
- close eyes
- tuck limbs in, curl body
- cluster together
- burrowing
- active during rain events
Thermal equilibrium:
heat energy gained = heat energy lost
Ectothermy:
condition in which the external environment is the source of heat
Endothermy:
comdition in which heat is produced metabolically
Poikilothermy:
wide variation in Tb in response to environmental temps
Homeothermy:
constant Tb even with greater environmental temp fluctuations
Performance is _______
temp dependent
Defensive when ______, run away when _______
cool, warm
Altered performance as a consequence of _______
climate change
3 methods of heat transfer:
convection, conduction, condensation/evap
Thermal ecology indirect factors
predators, competition
Thermal ecology direct factors
salinity, ambient temp
Brumatiom:
hibernation like state that ectotherms use during cold weather
Crypotectants:
a substance that prevents the freezing of tissues or prevents damage to cells during freezing
What is parental care
any behaviour that is directed towards the young to increase their likelihood of survival
What are the three main types or sex determination
XY, ZW, environmental sex determ
What is environmental sex determination
sex of embryo depends on environmental conditions during a key period of development
What is pattern IA TSD:
More males produced at cooler temp
What is pattern IB TSD:
more females produced at cooler temps
What is pattern II TSD:
females produced st low and high temps, males intermediate
What is sex chromosome dosage compensation
sex determined by the amount of protein by their chromosomes before they hatch, instead of the amount and type of chromosomes that are present
With warming global temperatures, population may soon be…
all female
