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Psych 101 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the basic things you need to consider in an experiment?

A

-experimental vs control condition
-operational definition
-Independent vs. dependent variables
-single vs double blind experiment
- experimenter bias

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2
Q

what does longitudinal research use? Why is this problematic?

A

Because it uses correlations, it is still susceptible to confounds

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3
Q

how do we get around confounds?

A

we can manipulate the variable we’re interested in.

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4
Q

What are confounds?

A

3rd variables

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5
Q

what are 2 confounding variables for Violence and Video games?

A

Child’s temperament and lack of parental supervision

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6
Q

How many variables can influence a relationship?

A

potentially an infinite number of 3rd variables that could influence a relationship

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7
Q

In an experiment testing video games and violence, If the measure of violent behaviour is similar between 50 participants who play a violent video game and 50 participants play a non-violent video game what kind of effect is this?

A

A null effect

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8
Q

How do we use variables in experimentation?

A

we manipulate one variable and observe its effects on another variable.

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9
Q

What is the independent variable?

A

The variable you manipulate to see its effects on the outcome variable

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10
Q

What is the dependent variable?

A

The outcome variable- the variable that is measured or is of interest in the study (ex: violent behaviour)

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11
Q

What is the experimental group?

A

The group that recieves the intervention

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12
Q

What is the control group?

A

The group that does not receive the intervention

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13
Q

what process should you use to divide your sample into conditions?

A

Randomization

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14
Q

Why do we randomly assign participants to conditions?

A

That way every participant has an equal opportunity to be assigned to the control or experimental condition

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15
Q

In an experiment, what do you need to do after randomization and why?

A

You need to go through and make sure the randomization worked because it is still statistically possible to get similar people in each group.

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16
Q

What are the three steps to doing randomization effectively?

A

Start with a survey, do random assignment, check to see it worked

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17
Q

What is it called when you define your dependent variable? Why is it important?

A

It is called your operational definition. It is important because it dictates how you measure it and what conclusions you can draw from it. We must be CONSISTENT with our definition.

18
Q

What is a quasi-experimental design?

A

When we perform an experiment on 2 naturally occurring groups. (Think back to shaved head vs luscious hair Simon likability experiment)

19
Q

what is the problem with Quasi-experimental design?

A

they are useful but limit claims we can make about causality?

20
Q

What is an example of a quasi-experimental design?

A

Giving students in totem warm milk after dinner and giving students at orchard coffee and seeing who sleeps better.

21
Q

What does blind mean in science?

A

unaware

22
Q

What is the problem with single blind experiments?

A

Experimenters interpretation of behaviour could be influenced by experimenter beliefs

23
Q

what is a double blind experiment?

A

when both the researcher (experimenter) and participants are unaware of the condition/hypothesis of the study.

24
Q

What happened in the study of Rosenthal and Fode? (Fast mouse slow mouse)

A

both mice were actually genetically the same but data collected reflected experimenter’s expectations.

25
Q

What is a sample?

A

a subset of the population

26
Q

what is an example of a bias subset?

A

Most studies are done on undergraduate students (typically more liberal, more educated and less diverse)

27
Q

What are people looking for in a sample?

A

participants who are representative of the population

28
Q

What do random samples allow?

A

more confidence in generalizing the effects from the sample to the population as a whole

29
Q

What did Sir Francis Galton do?

A

-measured intelligence using reaction time (e.g how quickly someone could classify a sound)
-Did the first set of studies into intelligence (developed psychometrics, created correlation coefficient math)
-

30
Q

What factor do we look at when thinking about vallidity?

A

does our instrument actually measure what we want it to measure?

31
Q

What factor do we look at when thinking about ecological validity?

A

Interested in behaviour as it occurs in its natural element

32
Q

What factor do we think about when considering reliability?

A

Does our test return consistent results (i.e Big 5 personality test vs Myers Briggs Personality test)

33
Q

What was the problem with the Tuskegee syphilis study?

A

did not tell the patients that they had syphilis and did not offer to cure them when cure was discovered despite offering ‘free medical care’. Syphilis spread throughout community.

34
Q

what year was the national research act?

A

1974

35
Q

What year was the Tuskegee study stopped?

A

1972

36
Q

What are the 4 rules of ethics concerned with experimentation?

A
  • no harm should come to participants
    -respect for human dignity and safety
    -Participants must give informed consent
    -must be free to withdraw consent at any point without penalty
37
Q

What is informed consent?

A

participants give consent only after being informed on what the study is about and the associated risks

38
Q

Is deception sometimes necessary and allowed in experiments?

A

Yes but it must be well motivated

39
Q

How does the scientific community gain understanding of the phenomena around us

A

through empiricism

40
Q

what is the scientific method?

A

A set of procedures that use empirical data

41
Q

What do correlations tell us?

A

They tell us about the direction and strength of 2 variables

42
Q

Think: Can you explain the learning outcomes? (Read the back and see how well you can explain them)

A

What are the basic parts of an experiment?
- Experimental vs. Control condition
- Operational definition
- Independent vs. dependent variables
-Compare and contrast single- and double-blind experiments
-What is experimenter bias?

What role does randomization play in sampling and in experimental conditions Define and identify validity and reliability in research.

Psych 101 (9 decks)

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