Lecture 5 Flashcards
Usually uses correlation statistics
Exploratory Research
Describes characteristics of groups of people or other phenomena.
Descriptive Research
Cohort study
Exploratory Research
as the quality of the evidence increase, the amount of evidence will …
Decrease
In Cohort study, participants are divided according to the …
Exposed and Unexposed
In case control, we start with …
The disease (Outcome)
Which study that Not randomly selected ?
Cohort
Which type of cohort study more expensive and consuming time ?
Prospective cohort study
Which type of study that measure the causation?
RCTs
The cohort study measures …
The incidence of disease or outcomes
Which type of bias can occur in cohort studies?
1- Selection bias
2- Misclassification on exposure
3- Confounder
The Case-Control Studies always …
retrospective
Case-Control Studies measure …
The prevalence: measure of disease frequency
What are the Three Qualities Needed to selected of controls ?
1- The Comparability of controls
2- The control should be at risk of the disease
3- The control should resemble the case in all respects Except for the presence of disease.
Which type of bias can occur in Case-Control studies ?
1- Selection bias
2- Observation bias
3- Recall bias
Which type of study that examine effect of a single exposure ?
Cohort study
Which type of study that Used for rare diseases ?
Case-control study
Which type of study that Used for rare exposure ?
Cohort study
Which type of study that Only study one disease and examine multiple exposures ?
Case-control study
A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment.
Case Series (clinical series)
In which type of study the outcomes can’t be generalized, can’t prove effectiveness and cannot prove cause and effect ?
Case reports
Independent variables is (1-…) and the Outcome/dependent variable is (2-…)
1- Predictors
2- Criterion
When the model considered pretty good model ?
If the model explains more than 60% of the variance
Was the study time frame long enough to capture the outcome? How long was the follow-up?
Ask to Know what ?
The Internal Validity: Appraise the Dependent Variable (outcomes) Being Studied
sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach
Convenience Sample
“first come, first chosen”
Consecutive Sample
Single site or multi-site?
Internal Validity: Sample Selection
Were the individuals collecting the outcome measures blinded to the status of the prognostic factors in each subject?
Internal Validity: Bias
Are the outcome measures reliable ?
Internal Validity: Appraise the Independent Variables Being Studied
Which type of studies is highest of valid?
RCTs
