Lecture 4 Flashcards
International institutions attempt to standardize and update systematic reviews
Cochrane Collaboration
Cochrane Collaboration policy is that systematic reviews are updated every
two years.
a review in which there is a comprehensive search for relevant studies on a specific topic, and those identified are then appraised and synthesized according to a predetermined and explicit method
systematic review
the first form of literature overview allowing practitioners to have a quick summary
Narrative reviews
unreliable sources of information and have a low evidence level
Narrative reviews or expert reviews
the use of statistical methods to summarize the results of these studies (systematic review)
Meta Analysis
Reasons for not preceding the meta-analysis from systematic review are usually related to
Study heterogeneity
“A clear and concise statement of a review’s objectives (or questions)
Current guidance of formulating review question
Findings are likely to be generalisable when the question …
Broad question
Less heterogeneity when the question of study …
Narrow question
designed for questions around public health interventions
SPICE
“what is the context of the question?”
Setting
P in SPICE
Perspective
tool for qualitative and mixed-methods research.
SPIDER
P in SPIDER
Phenomenon
will help to make decisions about the validity of the research.
Design
A protocol : Helps to ensure careful a priori planning of whole process
- Consistency
- Transparency
- Integrity
a website for obtaining a protocol registration number
PROSPERO
Thesaurus headings in which step for systematic review ?
- Identify relevant studies
Selecting Included Studies and Extracting Data by using
Boolean operators
an online software application which supports authors in writing all types of systematic reviews
EPPI-Reviewer
Data extractors need to collect and interpret data in a standard way (software) to ensure …
the consistency/standardization of extracted data
Once data extraction is complete you may need to …
Sort the data
Three main issues to consider when appraising a systematic review …
- The validity of the methodology
- The precision of the treatment effect
- The applicability of the results
to minimize the risk of selection bias, should include at least … reviews needed tonassess the quality of the included
studies of SR
At least two reviewers
the number of patients in the group who achieve the statedend pointdivided by the number of patientswho do not.
Odds and odds ratio
the number of patients in the group who
achieve the stated end point divided by the total number of patients in the group.
relative risk (RR)
When this excessive variation occurs in the individual studies, it is called
statistical heterogeneity
Some considerations needed before deciding whether to incorporate a particular piece of research evidence into clinical practice include:
- Similarity of study population to your population
- Availability and costs
The wider the interval …
the less the precision of the estimate.
