Lecture 4

Question 1

International institutions attempt to standardize and update systematic reviews

Answer 1

Cochrane Collaboration

Question 2

Cochrane Collaboration policy is that systematic reviews are updated every

Answer 2

two years.

Question 3

a review in which there is a comprehensive search for relevant studies on a specific topic, and those identified are then appraised and synthesized according to a predetermined and explicit method

Answer 3

systematic review

Question 4

the first form of literature overview allowing practitioners to have a quick summary

Answer 4

Narrative reviews

Question 5

unreliable sources of information and have a low evidence level

Answer 5

Narrative reviews or expert reviews

Question 6

the use of statistical methods to summarize the results of these studies (systematic review)

Answer 6

Meta Analysis

Question 7

Reasons for not preceding the meta-analysis from systematic review are usually related to

Answer 7

Study heterogeneity

Question 8

“A clear and concise statement of a review’s objectives (or questions)

Answer 8

Current guidance of formulating review question

Question 9

Findings are likely to be generalisable when the question …

Answer 9

Broad question

Question 10

Less heterogeneity when the question of study …

Answer 10

Narrow question

Question 11

designed for questions around public health interventions

Answer 11

SPICE

Question 12

“what is the context of the question?”

Answer 12

Setting

Question 13

P in SPICE

Answer 13

Perspective

Question 14

tool for qualitative and mixed-methods research.

Answer 14

SPIDER

Question 15

P in SPIDER

Answer 15

Phenomenon

Question 16

will help to make decisions about the validity of the research.

Answer 16

Design

Question 17

A protocol : Helps to ensure careful a priori planning of whole process

Answer 17

• Consistency
• Transparency
• Integrity

Question 18

a website for obtaining a protocol registration number

Answer 18

PROSPERO

Question 19

Thesaurus headings in which step for systematic review ?

Answer 19

3. Identify relevant studies

Question 20

Selecting Included Studies and Extracting Data by using

Answer 20

Boolean operators

Question 21

an online software application which supports authors in writing all types of systematic reviews

Answer 21

EPPI-Reviewer

Question 22

Data extractors need to collect and interpret data in a standard way (software) to ensure …

Answer 22

the consistency/standardization of extracted data

Question 23

Once data extraction is complete you may need to …

Answer 23

Sort the data

Question 24

Three main issues to consider when appraising a systematic review …

Answer 24

1. The validity of the methodology
2. The precision of the treatment effect
3. The applicability of the results

Question 25

to minimize the risk of selection bias, should include at least … reviews needed tonassess the quality of the included
studies of SR

Answer 25

At least two reviewers

Question 26

the number of patients in the group who achieve the statedend pointdivided by the number of patientswho do not.

Answer 26

Odds and odds ratio

Question 27

the number of patients in the group who

achieve the stated end point divided by the total number of patients in the group.

Answer 27

relative risk (RR)

Question 28

When this excessive variation occurs in the individual studies, it is called

Answer 28

statistical heterogeneity

Question 29

Some considerations needed before deciding whether to incorporate a particular piece of research evidence into clinical practice include:

Answer 29

• Similarity of study population to your population

- Availability and costs

Question 30

The wider the interval …

Answer 30

the less the precision of the estimate.