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Principles of Resource Management (03-66-200) > Lecture 5/01/2017 > Flashcards

Lecture 5/01/2017 Flashcards

1
Q

Is nuclear energy renewable?

A

No, but it’s considered clean energy.

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2
Q

What are the two most important variables which will allow the world to become more sustainable?

A
  1. slowing population growth; and

2. limiting our consumption of non-renewables.

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3
Q

Are fossil fuels biotic or abiotic resources?

A

fossil fuels are biotic resources because they are formed from something living.

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4
Q

What are the 4 different categories of natural resources?

A
  1. abiotic
  2. biotic
  3. localized
  4. ubiquitous
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5
Q

At what point is consumption considered unsustainable?

A

Consumption is considered unsustainable if the demand on resources depletes them to an extent that future generations will have a lower quality of life.

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6
Q

IPAT

A
  • IPAT (Impact = population x affluence x technology)

- different states may focus on different parts of the IPAT equation

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7
Q

What is the biggest variable that can be controlled for with regard to overpopulation?

A

education (e.g., Gates Foundation)

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8
Q

What does the depletion of natural resources most tightly correlate with?

A

overpopulation

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9
Q

What is substitution?

A

When you substitute a product for one that is less impactful to the environment (e.g., Normal paint subbed with low VOC paint).

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10
Q

Provide examples of renewable natural resources:

A
  • direct solar energy
  • winds, tides, flowing water
  • fertile soil
  • clean air
  • fresh water
  • biological diversity (e.g., forests, food crops, fishes)
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11
Q

Provide examples of non-renewable resources:

A
  • metallic minerals (i.e., precious metals - gold, silver, platinum)
  • non-metallic minerals (salts, phosphates, stone)
  • fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil, natural gas)
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12
Q

Renewable resources

A
  • naturally replenished
  • can be used forever if they are not overexploited.
  • the rate of replenishment exceeds the rate of consumption
  • e.g., trees, fish, fresh water, solar energy, fertile soil
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13
Q

The economic growth and development in the U.S., Canada, and other highly developed countries came about through the _____________________.

A

exploitation of natural resources.

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14
Q

Non renewable resources

A
  • present in limited supplies
  • depleted by use.
  • not naturally replenished within a reasonable periods
  • e.g, minerals such as aluminum and uranium, and fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas.
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15
Q

ubiquitous resources vs. ____________

A

localized resources

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16
Q

Why are fossil fuels considered biotic?

A

Fossil fuels are also considered biotic because they are formed from decayed organic matter.

17
Q

What are biotic resources?

A

Obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material). Examples include forests, animals.

18
Q

What are abiotic resources?

A

Obtained from non-living, non-organic material. Examples include land, fresh water, air, heavy metals.

19
Q

What are the 4 accessibility/availability classifications?

A
  • Actual - Are being used at present time. Have been surveyed and their quantity and quality determined. For example, wood processing
  • Reserve - Part of an actual resource that is intended to be developed profitably in the future
  • Potential - Exist and may be used in the future. For example, petroleum in sedimentary rocks
  • Stock - Have been surveyed but cannot be used due to a lack of technology. For example, hydrogen
20
Q

Define Consumption

A

The human use of materials and energy.

21
Q

sustainable development

A

Sustainable development is development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to meet its needs.

22
Q

What are some existing and emerging threats to our resources?

A
  • Globalization, trade, and development
  • Coping with climate change and variability
  • Growth of megacities
  • Human vulnerability to climate change
  • Freshwater depletion and degradation
  • Marine and coastal degradation
  • Population growth
  • Rising consumption in developing countries
  • Biodiversity depletion
  • Biosecurity
23
Q

IPAT

A
  • Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology
  • Impact can be expressed as resource depletion and waste accumulation
  • Population refers to the human population
  • Affluence refers to the level of consumption – more $$ = more consumption of goods
  • Technology refers to the processes for extraction of resources and manufacturing into goods
24
Q

How can different types of countries focus on different components of the IPAT equation?

A
  • Affluent countries can focus on reducing their consumption.
  • Developing countries can focus on reducing their population through education and provision of resources.
25
Q

The variable of the IPAT equation are always changing. Provide an example of increasing and decreasing variables that produce a counterintuitive result.

A
  • increasing number of cars on the road but improvement in gas mileage
26
Q

How many earths would be required for the current population to live at the quality of life in America (Rees, 2006)?

A

4 earts

27
Q

Of all raw materials used in manufacturing processes, __% end up as waste.

A

94

28
Q

Provide suggestions for reducing the extracted concentrations of substances from the Earth’s crust:

A
  • Substances that are scarce should be substituted with those that are abundant
  • Materials should be used efficiently and recycled
  • Dependence on fossil fuels should be systematically reduced
29
Q

Provide suggestions for reducing the build-up of concentrations of human-made compounds in nature.

A
  • Persistent and unnatural compounds should be replaced with those that are normally abundant or break down completely and easily.
  • Substances produced by society should be used efficiently.
30
Q

Provide suggestions for slowing or reducing the rate at which renewable resources are drawn from the natural environment and reducing the associated negative impacts.

A
  • Draw resources only from well managed ecosystems
  • Pursue the most productive and sustainable uses of resources and land
  • Exercise caution in modification of nature
31
Q

With regard to resources usage, how do we ensure that the needs of all people, including those not born yet, stand the best chance of being met in the future?

A

Use resources efficiently, effectively, fairly and responsibly.

Principles of Resource Management (03-66-200) (5 decks)

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