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Livestock Production > Lecture 4a - Animals environment > Flashcards

Lecture 4a - Animals environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is in an animals physical environment?

A

Climate and light
Food
Space
Interaction with other animals

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2
Q

Components of climate

A 
Temperature
Light
Precipitation and humidity
Windspeed
Altitude 
Parasites and diseases
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3
Q

Three different types of climate

A

Macroclimate
Mesoclimate
Microclimate

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4
Q

What is a macroclimate?

A

Weather in a large geographical area

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5
Q

What is a mesoclimate?

A

Weather as modified by local topography

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6
Q

What is a microclimate?

A

Climate immediately around the animal

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7
Q

Direct effects on the animal

A

Effects of ambient temperature on heat exchanges of the animal

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8
Q

Indirect effects

A

In random effects

In parallel effects

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9
Q

Heat gains in animals

A 
Basal heat production
Digestive heat production
Muscular heat production
Heat production due to productive processes
Heat gains due to external environments
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10
Q

Factors in heat gain in animals

A 
Feed and water intake
Digestive tract fermentation
Muscular activity
Production levels
Genotype
External environments
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11
Q

Heat losses in animals are either..

A

Non-evaporative losses

Evaporative losses

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12
Q

What are non-evaporative losses?

A

Conduction (contact of molecules)
Convection (mass motion of molecules)
Radiation (electromagnetic)

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13
Q

What are evaporative losses?

A

From skin

From respiratory tract

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14
Q

Factors in heat loss in animals

A 
Climatic environment
Morphology
Rates of blood flow and respiration
Water exchange rates
Genotype
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15
Q

Animal response to changes in the thermal environment are?

A

Behavioural

Physiological

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16
Q

What are behavioural changes in animals in response to changes in the thermal environment?

A

Seek shelter/shade
Adjust food intake
Adjust activity levels

17
Q

What are physiological changes in animals in response to changes in the thermal environment?

A

Adjust metabolic rate
Vasoconstriction
Sweating

18
Q

Consequences of inappropriate environment on newborn animals?

A

Acute

Possibly lethal

19
Q

Consequences of inappropriate environment on juvenile animals?

A

Chronic- effects on growth and efficiency of food use

20
Q

Consequences of inappropriate environment on adult animals?

A

Chronic - effects on efficiency of food use and reproduction

21
Q

Effects of high temperature on reproduction in females?

A 
Delayed puberty
Embryo loss
Foetal loss
Reduced foetal size
Abnormal ova
Reduced gestation length
22
Q

Effects of high temperature on reproduction in males?

A

Delayed puberty
Reduced libido
Effects on spermatogenesis

23
Q

Effects of day length on animals

A 
Changes in activity
Reproduction
Changes in food intake
Changes in growth
Changes in lactation

Livestock Production (8 decks)

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