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Biochemistry (Cole) > Lecture 47 Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Lecture 47 Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

What mediates the action potential?

A
  • voltage gated Na channels

after depolarization

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2
Q

What opens the voltage gated Ca channels?

A
  • action potential
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3
Q

What does the Ca do for the neurotransmitter?

A
  • fuse with membrane and release neurotransmitter
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4
Q

_____ is the amount of neurotransmitter that is packaged in vessicle and released?

A
  • Quanta
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5
Q

How does Ca help the vesicle dock with the membrane?

A
  • interacts with synaptotagmin which then interacts with synaptobrevin, snap -25,, and syntaxin
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6
Q

What proteins does botulinum toxin cleave?

A
  • SNAP-25 and Syntaxin
    (cant have exocytosis)
    (primarly effects ach)
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7
Q

What causes wrinkles?

A
  • muscle contraction, why botux preventing ach/muscle contractions works to prevent wrinkles
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8
Q

How do inhibitory NT like gaba work?

A
  • open channels like Cl that bring a negative charge in and hyperpolarize cell / inhibit AP
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9
Q

What are the excitatory NTs?

A
  • glutamate
  • aspartate
  • nitric oxide
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10
Q

What are the inhibitory NTs?

A
  • GABa
  • Glycine
  • Seratonin
  • Dopamine
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11
Q

ESPs

A
  • escitatory post snyaptic potential
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12
Q

ISPs

A
  • inhibitory post synaptic potential
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13
Q

what is the extracellular conc of Na

A

142

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14
Q

What is the intracellular conc of Na

A
  • 10
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15
Q

What is extracellular conc of K

A
  • 4
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16
Q

What is intracellular conc of K

A
  • 140
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17
Q

What is extracellular conc of Ca

A
  • 2.4
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18
Q

What is intracellular conc of Ca

A
  • .0001
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19
Q

What is extracellular conc of Mg

A
  • 1.2
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20
Q

What is extracellular conc of mg

A
  • 58
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21
Q

What is extracellular conc of Cl

A
  • 103
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22
Q

What is intracellular conc of cl

A
  • 4
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23
Q

How do neurons act like a calculator?

A
  • they calculate all ESPS and ISPS and summates them to create final signal
  • leading to net depolarization or hyperpolarization
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24
Q

If your ESPs is strong enough what happens?

A
  • create threshold potential at trigger zone and open up Na channels that create AP
25
Q

What is the precursor of acetylcholine?

A
  • acetyl- Coa and choline in the presence of choline acetyltransferase
26
Q

What are the amino acid derivative NTs?

A
  • glutamate
  • GABA
  • Glycine

(all come from glutamic acid)

27
Q

What is the major excitatory NT in CNS?

A
  • glutamate (important for learning and memory)
28
Q

What is the major inhibitory NT in CNS?

A
  • gaba (also from glutamic acid) (movement)
29
Q

What is glycines main role?

A
  • inhibitory in spinal cord
30
Q

What is the derivative of serotonin?

A
  • tryptophan

mood/sleep

31
Q

What is dopamine related to?

A
  • involved in movement/mood and sensation of pleasure
32
Q

Norepinephrine?

A
  • wakefullness

- ANS, hypothalamus

33
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • made in adrenal medulla and circulates around, ans
34
Q

Where do dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine come from?

A
  • tryosine
35
Q

What do you give parkinsons patients?

A
  • LDOPA to make dopamine to control movements
36
Q

Can proteins/peptides serve as NTs?

A
  • yes
37
Q

Can gases serve as NTs?

A
  • yes
38
Q

What are the gases neurotransmitters?

A
  • nitric oxide

- carbon monoxide

39
Q

What are the endocannabinoids neurotransmitters?

A
  • anandamide

- arachidony glycerol

40
Q

THC mimicks

A
  • endocannabinoids
  • lots of CB1 receptors which decreases Ca influx which means you cant release NT
  • loss of memory
41
Q

Why do they say marijuana hurts memory?

A
  • cant release NT like glutamate that are important for learning and memory
42
Q

What are ionotropic receptors?

A
  • receptors that are ion channels themselves

Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+

43
Q

What are metabotropic receptors?

A
  • G protein coupled receptors

- indirectly linked to ion channels

44
Q

What are enzyme linked receptors?

A
  • tyrosine kinase receptors
45
Q

How do metabotropic receptors function?

A
  • can open ion channel
  • can activate gene transcription
  • activate one or more intracellular enzyme
46
Q

What type of receptor is the GAbAr?

A
  • ionotropic receptor that allows cl- to move in and hyperpolarize the membrane potential
  • less excitable
47
Q

What is the NMDA receptor for glutamate and what does it do?

A
  • it is an ionatripic receptor
  • ## allows ca2+ and Na+ to enter and make things more excitable
48
Q

What does ketamine do?

A
  • block excitatory NT
49
Q

How does the metabotropic receptor Beta1 adrenergic work?

A
  • Norepi binds to Beta1
  • beta 1 has g protein signaling that activates cAMP
  • cAMP activates PKa which phosporlates ion channel for Ca
  • Ca enters and excites the cell
50
Q

How do B1 receptors increase both heart rate and cardiac contractility?

A
  • the increase in calcium
51
Q

Where are the acetylcholine inotropic receptors commoon?

A
  • muscle cell membranes

muscle contraction

52
Q

What does curare do?

A
  • it is an antagonist to the nicotinic receptor
  • blocks receptor which prevents muscle contraction
  • paralyzes diaphragm and cant breathe
53
Q

how does ach cause a decrease in HR?

A
  • binds to muscarinic receptor which uses g protein to open K+ channel
  • K+ flows out which makes SA node less excitable
  • decreases HR
54
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found?

A
  • muscle or nerve

- postganlgionic neurons

55
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found?

A
  • found in target organs
56
Q

What are the agonist of nicotinic receptor?

A
  • nicotine
57
Q

What is the antagonist of nicotinic receptor?

A
  • curare
58
Q

What is the agonist of muscarinic receptor?

A
  • muscarine
59
Q

What is the antagonist of muscarinic receptor?

A
  • atropine

Biochemistry (Cole) (25 decks)

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