Lecture 44: Medical Complications of Addiction Flashcards
What is a disease?
- A disorder of the body and function
- Recognizable signs and symptoms
- Identifiable risk factors
- Typical natural history
- Predictable morbidity and mortality
- Responds to treatment
Addiction fits all these categories
How responsive is addiction to treatment?
VERY RESPONSIVE
Does addiction have a predictable and mortality?
Yes, addiction does have a predictable morbidity and mortality and can be fatal
What happens when you see a patient with a chronic medical consequences of addiction?
Addiction disease is in its LATE STAGE
What are the complications of TOBACCO?
- cervical cancer
- lung cancer
- Low birth weight
- MI
- ulcer/stomach ccancer
- atherosclerosis
What are the complications of ALCOHOL?
Toxic to pretty much every organ
-liver, kidney, brain, heart, stomach, GI tract, etc. lol everything
Fucks with bone marrow
Fucks with pancreas
Fucks with peripheral nerves
Leads to TRAUMA and OSTEOPOROSIS wow
-also every cancer except for lung cancer…cerebellar degeneration, korsakoff’s syndrome
Red hemangiomas in males = alcohol use…ask about alcohol use
What does alcohol withdrawal look llike?
Overexcited brain (because you don’t have enough GABA to keep it calm)
-tachycardia, high BP, anxious, increased temperature, headache, tremor, diaphoresis, seizures, delirium tremens, hallucinations
Delirium tremens
-mortality rate 1-5% alone
-20-30% with other comorbidities
What are the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?
- Developmental delay and mental retardation
- Poor impulse control
- microcephaly
- vision/hearing problems
What are different types of sedatives?
Barbiturate
Benzodiazepine
What are the sedative complications of barbiturate?
- slurred speech
- ataxia
- nystagmus
- respiratory depression
What are the sedative complications of benzodiazepines?
- slurred speech
- sedation
- respiratory depression
What are the symptoms of sedative withdrawal?
Same as alcohol withdrawal
What are opiate complications?
- Anorexia
- Constipation, nausea,
- brain abscess
- Hep B, Hep C, HIV
- endocarditis
What are the symptoms of opiate withdrawal?
Sympathetic nervous system, yawning, muscle/joint aches, goose pimples, restlessness
What is rhabdomyolysis?
-muscle breakdown, kidney failure
What happens when you see a young person with vasospasm, increased BP/HR and increased O2?
Get a blood panel to see if there are stimulants in the system!!
What are types of stimulants?
Cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate
They erode the brain
What are complications of stimulants?
- Vasospasm, increased BP/HR, increased O2 needs
- MI, storke
- dissecting aneurysm
- seizures
- HyperTHERMIA
- hyperactivity
- rhabdomylolysis
- Other risk behaviors
- paranoia, grandiosity
What are types of hallucinogens?
-mescaline, LSD, ketamine, phencyclidine, MDMA, GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate, date rape)
What are the complications of MDMA?
- Hyperthermia
- seizures
- rhabdomyolysis
- Liver damage
- increased serotonin release
What are the complications of PCP and ketamine?
- NMDA antagonists
- Increased BP, HR and cardiac output
- Acute psychosis
- paranoia
- agitation
What are the complications of gamma hydroxyl butyrate?
- GHB and GABA receptor agonists
- Hypothermia
- hypertension, tachycardia
- AMNESIA
- nausea/vomiting
What are the complications of THC?
- red eyes, dry mouth
- cognitive disturbances
- pulmonary disease
- immunosuppression
- anhedonia
What are types of inhalants?
- glue, butane, spot removers, correction fluid
- inhalants can stop your motherfucking heart
