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B&B Week 7 Flashcards > Lecture 44: Medical Complications of Addiction > Flashcards

Lecture 44: Medical Complications of Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

What is a disease?

A
  1. A disorder of the body and function
  2. Recognizable signs and symptoms
  3. Identifiable risk factors
  4. Typical natural history
  5. Predictable morbidity and mortality
  6. Responds to treatment
    Addiction fits all these categories
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2
Q

How responsive is addiction to treatment?

A

VERY RESPONSIVE

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3
Q

Does addiction have a predictable and mortality?

A

Yes, addiction does have a predictable morbidity and mortality and can be fatal

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4
Q

What happens when you see a patient with a chronic medical consequences of addiction?

A

Addiction disease is in its LATE STAGE

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5
Q

What are the complications of TOBACCO?

A
  • cervical cancer
  • lung cancer
  • Low birth weight
  • MI
  • ulcer/stomach ccancer
  • atherosclerosis
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6
Q

What are the complications of ALCOHOL?

A

Toxic to pretty much every organ
-liver, kidney, brain, heart, stomach, GI tract, etc. lol everything
Fucks with bone marrow
Fucks with pancreas
Fucks with peripheral nerves
Leads to TRAUMA and OSTEOPOROSIS wow
-also every cancer except for lung cancer…cerebellar degeneration, korsakoff’s syndrome
Red hemangiomas in males = alcohol use…ask about alcohol use

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7
Q

What does alcohol withdrawal look llike?

A

Overexcited brain (because you don’t have enough GABA to keep it calm)
-tachycardia, high BP, anxious, increased temperature, headache, tremor, diaphoresis, seizures, delirium tremens, hallucinations
Delirium tremens
-mortality rate 1-5% alone
-20-30% with other comorbidities

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A
  1. Developmental delay and mental retardation
  2. Poor impulse control
  3. microcephaly
  4. vision/hearing problems
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9
Q

What are different types of sedatives?

A

Barbiturate

Benzodiazepine

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10
Q

What are the sedative complications of barbiturate?

A
  1. slurred speech
  2. ataxia
  3. nystagmus
  4. respiratory depression
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11
Q

What are the sedative complications of benzodiazepines?

A
  1. slurred speech
  2. sedation
  3. respiratory depression
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of sedative withdrawal?

A

Same as alcohol withdrawal

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13
Q

What are opiate complications?

A
  1. Anorexia
  2. Constipation, nausea,
  3. brain abscess
  4. Hep B, Hep C, HIV
  5. endocarditis
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14
Q

What are the symptoms of opiate withdrawal?

A

Sympathetic nervous system, yawning, muscle/joint aches, goose pimples, restlessness

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15
Q

What is rhabdomyolysis?

A

-muscle breakdown, kidney failure

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16
Q

What happens when you see a young person with vasospasm, increased BP/HR and increased O2?

A

Get a blood panel to see if there are stimulants in the system!!

17
Q

What are types of stimulants?

A

Cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate

They erode the brain

18
Q

What are complications of stimulants?

A
  1. Vasospasm, increased BP/HR, increased O2 needs
  2. MI, storke
  3. dissecting aneurysm
  4. seizures
  5. HyperTHERMIA
  6. hyperactivity
    • rhabdomylolysis
  7. Other risk behaviors
  8. paranoia, grandiosity
19
Q

What are types of hallucinogens?

A

-mescaline, LSD, ketamine, phencyclidine, MDMA, GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate, date rape)

20
Q

What are the complications of MDMA?

A
  1. Hyperthermia
  2. seizures
  3. rhabdomyolysis
  4. Liver damage
  5. increased serotonin release
21
Q

What are the complications of PCP and ketamine?

A
  1. NMDA antagonists
  2. Increased BP, HR and cardiac output
  3. Acute psychosis
  4. paranoia
  5. agitation
22
Q

What are the complications of gamma hydroxyl butyrate?

A
  1. GHB and GABA receptor agonists
  2. Hypothermia
  3. hypertension, tachycardia
  4. AMNESIA
  5. nausea/vomiting
23
Q

What are the complications of THC?

A
  1. red eyes, dry mouth
  2. cognitive disturbances
  3. pulmonary disease
  4. immunosuppression
  5. anhedonia
24
Q

What are types of inhalants?

A
  • glue, butane, spot removers, correction fluid

- inhalants can stop your motherfucking heart

25
Q

What are complications of inhalants?

A
  1. seizures
  2. neuropathy
  3. cognitive dysfunction
  4. arrhythmias
  5. sudden death
26
Q

What is the definition of “adequate” treatment for addicts?

A

Intensive 90 day initial treatment with 2 year follow up

Only 1 spot for every 18 addicts

27
Q

What is the success rate of “adequate” treatment?

A

75%

28
Q

What is the natural history of addiction?

A

Mild to moderate to severe
-recurrent use in hazardous situations
-continued use despite failure to fulfill obligations
-continued use despite negative interpersonal problems
-tolerance
-withdrawal
-loss of control over amount and frequency of use
-continued use despite a desire to cut down or quit
-spending considerable time obtaining and using
-use replaces social obligatiosn and functioning
Addiction is fatal (except for marijuana)

B&B Week 7 Flashcards (16 decks)

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