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HN 210 Human Anatomy > Lecture 4: Spine & Trunk > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Spine & Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Name the parts of the sternum

A
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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there, how many thoracic, how many lumbar, how many sacrum segments and how many coccyx segments?

A

7 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

4 coccyx

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3
Q

Name the bony prominences of the vertebrae

A

vertebral foramen- hole in the center

vertebral body - big piece

spinous process - big point posterior

transverse process - 2 lateral points

pedicle - from body to transverse process

facet - articulating surface

lamina - between spinous process and transverse process

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4
Q

What are the 4 functions of vertebrae and where are the located on the bone?

A

Support body weight

Muscle attachment and movement

Protection of spinal cord

Restriction of movement

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5
Q

What is the C1 and C2 vertebrae, how do you differentiate them?

A

C1 = atlas (holds the world, on top)

C2 = axis (pivot joint) has spine pointing ventrally (DENS)

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6
Q

What are the 2 ligaments in the cervical and thoracic regions along the spine?

A

Ligamentum nuchae & supraspinous

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7
Q

How can you distinguish the 3 types of vertebrae?

A

Look at all from the sagittal view.

Cervical = mouse

Thoracic = giraffe

Lumbar = moose

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8
Q

What type of vertebrae has facets on the vertebral body and the vertebral foramen is large triangular shaped?

A

Cervical

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9
Q

What is the strongest cervical vertebra?

A

Axis

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10
Q

On what vertebra is the vertebral body heart-shaped?

A

Thoracic

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11
Q

Is the picture anterior or posterior? Name the bony processes of the sacrum.

A

S1-S5–> coccyx

Ala

1st sacral body

Sacral formina

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12
Q

Is the picture anterior or posterior? Name the bony processes of the sacrum.

A

Lateral, intermediate, median crests

Sacral canal, sacral hiatus

Sacral tuberosity

Facet and Articular surface

Sacral formina

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13
Q

Is this anterior or posterior this? Name the ligaments.

A
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14
Q

Is this anterior or posterior this? Name the ligaments.

A
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15
Q

What are the two parts that make of the intervertebral disc?

A

Annulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus

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16
Q

What are the 3 different views of the intervertebral disc under relaxed, erect and later flexion states?

A
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17
Q

What is a tear in the outer annulus fibrosus ring known as?

A

Slipped disc, intervertebral disc herniation

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18
Q

What is the superior and inferior attachments of the intercostal muscles (external, internal, innermost)

A

Superior = inferior border of ribs

Inferior = superior border of ribs below

19
Q

What nerve innervates the intercostals?

A

Intercostal nerve

20
Q

What is the main action of the intercostals (hint: 2 have the same action)

A

External intercostal: during forced inspiration: elevate ribs

Internal & innermost intercostal: During forced respiration, interosses part depresses rib, interchondral part elevates ribs

21
Q

What is the superior and inferior attachment of the subcostal muscles and what is the action?

A

Superior = internal surface of lower ribs near angle

Inferior = superior border of 2nd or 3rd rib below

Action: act the same as internal intercostal muscles

22
Q

What are these two muscles, what are there superior and inferior attachments?

A

Serratus posterior superior & serratus posterior inferior

Superior attachement: Superior = nuchal ligament, spinous process of c7-T3, Inferior = inferior border of ribs 8-12 near angle

Inferior attachment: Superior = superior border of 2nd and 4th ribs, Inferior = spinous process of T11-L2 vertebrae

23
Q

What is the innervation and action of serratus posterior superior and serratus posterior inferior?

A

Innervation: Superior = 2-5th intercostal nerves, Inferior = 9-11 intercostal nerves, subcostal nerve

Action: Superior = elevate ribs, Inferior = depresses ribs

24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of rectus abdominis?

A

Proximal = pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Distal = Xiphoid process, 5-7th costal cartilages

Innervation = Thoracoabdominal and sub-costal nerves

Action = flex trunk, compress abdominal viscera, stabilizes and controls tilt of pelvis

25
Q

What are the origin and insertions of the 3 oblique muscles?

A

External: Origin = external surface of 5-12th ribs, Insertion = linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

Internal: Origin = Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior iliac crest, connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament, Insertion = Inferior border 10-12 ribs, linea alba, pubis via conjoint tendon

Transverse (abdominis): Origin = internal surface 7-12 costal cartilidge, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crestand connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament, Insertion = lineal alba w/ aponeruosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pubis via conjoint tendon

26
Q

What is the innervation of the 3 oblique muscles?

A

External: Thoracoabdominal nerves and subcostal nerve

Internal and Transverse: Thoracoabdominal, subcostal and first lumbar nerves

27
Q

What is the action of the 3 obliques?

A

External and Internal: Compress and support abdominal viscera; flex and rotate trunk

Transverse: compress and support abdominal viscera

28
Q

Label the muscles, nerves, and blood flow of this cross section.

A
29
Q

What are the three posterior wall muscles? What are there superior and inferior attachments?

A

Psoas major: Superior = transverse process of lumbar vertebrae; sides of bodies of T12-S1 vertebrae and intervening IV discs, Inferior = Strong tendon to lesser trochanter of femur

Illiacus: Superior = superior two-thirds of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments, Inferior = lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, psoas major tendon

Quadratus lumborum: Superior = medial of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse process, Inferior = iliolumbar ligament, internal lip of iliac crest

30
Q

What is the innervation of Psoas major, iliacus and quadratus lumborum?

A

Psoas major: lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L2-L4

Iliacus: femoral nerve

Quadratus lumborum: anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

31
Q

What is the action of psoas major, iliacus, and quadratus lumborum?

A

Psoas major: flexes thigh, flexes vertebral column, laterally balance trunk, while sitting; w/ iliacus to flex trunk

Iliacus: flex thigh, stablize hip joint, acts w/ psoas major

Quadratus lumborum: extends and laterally flex vertebral column; fixes 12th rib during inspiration

32
Q

Label the structures in this image.

A
33
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach? What are the sensory and motor nerves it is innervated by?

A

Inferior margin of thoracic cage superior to lumbar vertebrae

Phrenic nerve (motor), subcostal (sensory)

34
Q

What is the superficial muscle of the spinal column, where is it located, what is its action?

A

Splenius: Acting alone = laterally flex neck and rotate head to the side of active muscles, Acting together = extend head and neck

35
Q

What are the 3 muscles comprised of the intermediate layer of the spinal column and what is there action?

A

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Action: Bilateral = extend vertebral column, and head as back is flexed, control movement by gradually lengthening fibers Unilateral = laterally flex column

36
Q

What are the deep muscle layers of the intrinsic back?

A

Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, and thoracis)

Multifundis

Rotares (brevis and longus)

37
Q

What are the actions of the deep muscle of the intrinsic back?

A

Semispinalis: extends head and thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally

Multifundus: Unilateral contraction = rotates contralateral side; stabilizes vertebrae during the local movements of vertebral column

Rotatores: stabilize vertebrae and assist w/ local extension and rotary movements of vertebral column

38
Q

What are these 3 muscles of the deep layer of the intrinsic back and their actions?

A

Interspinalis: Aid in extension and rotation of vertebral column

Intertransverssi: aid in lateral flexion of vertebral column, acting bilaterally, stabilize vertebral column

Levatores costarum: elevate ribs, assisting respiration; assist w/ lateral flexion of vertebral column

39
Q

Name the vasculature of this thoracic vertebra.

A
40
Q

What is the vasculature of the thoracic cavity?

A
41
Q

What are the nerves that are located at the lower end of the spinal cord in the lumbosacral spine.

A

Cauda equina

42
Q

What are the 3 meninges layers of the spinal cord?

A

Outer = Dura

Middle = Arachnoid

Inner = Pia

43
Q
A

HN 210 Human Anatomy (9 decks)

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