Lecture 4: Racism, Health Outcomes and Privilege Flashcards
what is the prevalence of physical and verbal attack for different ethnic groups?
Maori had the highest prevalence of physical attack ever
Maori and Asian had highest prevalence of verbal attack ever
what is the prevalence of unfair treatment in institutionalised setting by ethnic group?
Maori and Pacific had the highest prevalence of unfair treatment in health
Pacific and Asian had highest prevalence of unfair treatment at work
Maori had highest prevalence of unfair treatment in housing
european prevalence remains consistently low
what is the self reported exposure to any racial discrimination by ethnic group?
Maori, Asian and Pacific most commonly reported 1 exposure of racial discrimination. It was less common for them to report 2 or 3.
European exposure had the same pattern, but the reports were significantly lower
what are the odds ratios of experience of racial discrimination on health outcomes?
discrimination is associated with an increased risk of poorer health outcomes
those who reported physical attack, verbal attack, unfair treatment in health, work or housing were more likely to have poor/fair self rated health, poor physical functioning, poor mental health, be a current smoker and develop CVD
what are the odds ratios of multiple reported exposures to racial discrimination on health outcomes?
an increased number of exposures to racial discrimination results in an increased risk of having poor/fair self-rated health, poor physical functioning, poor mental health, current smoking and developing CVD
there is a dose response association with this.
how do different factors impact the odds ratio of ethnicity on health outcomes?
adjusting for age,sex,deprivation and racism brings the odds ratio down significantly. This showing that if racism can be removed in the population, it can help reduce poor self related health, poor physical functioning, poor mental health and CVD
adjusting for age and sex alone doesn’t show how much racism impacts health outcomes. adjusting for racism and deprivation individually also brings the odd ratio down, but the lowerst odds ratio occurs when adjusting for all 4 factors.
which ethnicities experienced the most discrimination in the youth’07 study?
Asian students reported yes to any the discrimination the most, followed by pacific students then maori students. European students had very little reports of yes
asian students reported unsure the most, then maori, then pacific and european students had the least reports of being unsure to any discrimination
what is the association between having experienced any discrimination and health outcomes?
students who reported yes or unsure were less likely to have good general health
students who reported yes or unsure were more likely to have binge drinking in the last 4 weeks
students who reported yes or unsure were less likely to feel safe in neighbourhood all/most of the time
what are the associations between have experienced any discrimination and outcomes stratified by ethnicity?
young people who reported yes and unsure to ever experiencing ethnic discrimination were also significantly more likely to have significant depression and smoke cigarettes at least weeky and significantly less likely to self-rate their acheivement at school as being near top or about or above the middle
what is the prevalence of self-reported racism in adults with regular health care provider?
~5% of Maori, Pacifc and Asian experience racism by a health professional but only 1.2% european
~30% Maori and ASian experienced any other racism, 20% Pacifc and only 13% european
~30% Maori and Asian experience all racism, 24% Pacific, 14% european
whta is odds ratio of racial discrimination and pateint experiences of health care?
those who experienced racism by health professional or other racism were ~50% more likely to feel not always listened to carefully and have care not always discussed as much as wanted
those who experienced racism by health professional or other racism were ~60% more liekly to not always be treated eith respect and dignity or have any negative experiences
what is privilege?
where one group is experiencing disadvantage, another/others are experiencing advantage
- many people who experience advantage are unaware of their advantage, how it accrues and how it manifests
what is white privilege?
societal privilege that benefits people whom society identifies as white, beyond what is commonly expereinced by non-white people under the same social, political, or economic circumstances
peggy mcintosh describes it as “an invidible package of unearned assets”
- accrued because she was born white in a particular time and place in the US
what is white fragility?
a range of defensive responses to discussion of white privilege and racism
discomfort and defensiveness on the part of a white person when confronted by information about racial inequality and injustice
