Lecture 14: Hauora and Housing Flashcards
what is Liang’s definition of ontological security?
a person with ontological security will have a sense of their presence in the world as a real alive, whole and continuous person
where does ontological security come from?
comes from an emotional sense established in early childhood with a stable childhood environment
what is Dupuis definition of ontological security?
it is a feeling of security that is based on a trust in the constancy of surroundings, the continuity of self-identity and the pervasive and stable nature of habit
what are the key themes of ontological security?
constancy, stability, continuity
how does ontological security relate to housing?
Giddens linked it to housing:
- The confidence that most human beings have in the continuity of their self-identity and in the constancy of their social and material environments.
Hewitt added:
- people need more than just their material needs to be met to live happy and fulfilled lives.
this implies that housing has important physical and material elements e.g. warmth, comfort, but also have other elements such as social and memories in the house etc. AKA a home is more than just a house
how was Maori home ownership is 1936 compared to 2013?
1936
- more maori owned their homes than rented
- more maori owned their homes than europeans
2013
- complete reverse
- maori have lower home ownership rates than europeans
what factors lead to the changes in maori home ownership?
- young maori population
- urbanisation
- land loss
how does the young maori population affect maori home ownership?
- Maori population is younger than the European population
- Maori median age is younger than non-Maori
- home ownership is associated with age
how is home ownership associated with age?
- home ownership increases with age
- maori are consistently less likely to own a home compared to Maori across every age group.
- graph explained: as a child you likely live in a home owned by your parents, early 20s you move out and more likely to rent etc, then 30s onwards you are far more likely to own a home. but maori are a lot lower compared to non-maori consistently.
how does urbanisation affect maori home ownership?
- from 1930s-1960s there was a large urban migration of Maori.
- A lot of movement from Maori from rural areas to the city due to several push and pull factors
- this involved Maori being forced into the cities and being encouraged to move into the cities
how does land dispossession affect Maori home ownership?
Most land was is Maori hands but overtime Maori have experienced a lot of land loss
this happened through:
- pre-emption: maori could only sell land to the crown
- broken promises: about land sales
- confiscations: limit who Maori could sell to, and forcefully take land
what are the differences between homeowners and renters?
Renters:
- tend to live in smaller, older homes which are more likely to need repair
- move more often and are much less likely to have lived in their houses for long periods
- spend a higher proportion of their income on housing costs
- more commonly live in homes which are cold, damp and contain mould. 40% of maori reported living in cold, damp housing compared to 24% of non maori
- are less likely to have efficient heating appliances, and are more likely to not heat their dwelling. 42% of maori reported heating their house during winter compared to 60% non-maori
- these factors impair having ontological security and there are several disproportionate effects in Maori.
how does housing connect to hauora?
- the idea of ontological security has additional dimensions for Maori.
- a house has connections through whakapapa, whenua and whanau.
- these factors extend beyond the physical aspects of the house
- all these are significant aspects of hauora maori
