Lecture 4 Production of X-Rays

Question 1

Higher energy from source =

Answer 1

more x rays being produced

Question 2

Increasing in MA =

Answer 2

Incr. in quantity of X-rays

Question 3

KVP controls

Answer 3

energy of x-rays

Question 4

Higher KVP =

Answer 4

higher attraction between cathode and anode

b/c e- will have higher velocity

Question 5

mA controls

Answer 5

heating of the filament

Question 6

Exposure time controls

Answer 6

quantity of x rays

because longer time means more are produced

Question 7

kV controls

Answer 7

the acceleration of the e- from the cathode to the anode

KE=1/2mv^2

Question 8

Electricity =

Answer 8

Flow of e- from an electrical conductor

Question 9

Current =

Answer 9

amount of e- flowing through a conductor per second

measured in amperes (A)

Question 10

Circuit =

Answer 10

path of the electrical current

can go to the right or the left

Question 11

Voltage =

Answer 11

potential difference

the difference in electrical potential energy between two points in an electrical circuit measured in volts (V)

Question 12

AC Power Supply

Answer 12

Alternating Power Current

Wall Power Plug in

Question 13

Why AC instead of DC

Answer 13

AC lets you step up and step down
DC does not
More affordable

Question 14

What is the direction e- travel

Answer 14

Cathode(+) to -> Anode (-)

Question 15

What happens during each half cycle?

Answer 15

the anode is positive and attracts the e- form the cathode (x-radiation is produced)

Question 16

What happens during each alternate ha;f-cycle?

Answer 16

anode is negative, therefore, no

attraction for electrons exists and no x-radiation is produced (inverse voltage).

Question 17

What is a self rectifying tube?

Answer 17

.

Question 18

What is full wave rectification?

Answer 18

.

produces x-rays all the time

Question 19

What is half wave rectification?

Answer 19

.

Question 20

What is constant potential?

Answer 20

.

Question 21

How do you achieve constant potential?

Answer 21

1. Changing alternating current into direct current
2. Full-waive rectification, high frequency power supply
3. Essentially constant potential between
   cathode and anode.
4. Higher mean energy of beam compared to AC

Question 22

Compared to Constant Potential, it will have a ____ compared to AC

Answer 22

higher mean energy

Question 23

kVP is for

Answer 23

energy of e-

Question 24

kEV is for

Answer 24

energy of x-rays

Question 25

What are the benefits of Constant potential ad direct current?

Answer 25

1. Shorter exposure times
2. More Consistent beam intensity
3. Higher mean energy of beam
4. Deceased radiation dose

Question 26

What is rectification

Answer 26

Rectification is the process of making AC to DC

Question 27

How are x-rays produced?

Answer 27

.

Question 28

What are the 2 types of interactions you can have to form x-rays

Answer 28

1. Bremsstrahlung radiation
   &
2. Characteristic radiation

Question 29

How is Bremsstrahlung radiation formed?

Answer 29

Interaction of the e- with the nucleus

Question 30

How is Characteristic radiation formed?

Answer 30

Formation of e- to e- interaction

e- interacts with tungsten

Question 31

Bremsstrahlung radiation

Answer 31

e- comes to the nucleus
tungsten is the target

nucleus is positively charged attracted e- form the cathode

e- come to the nucleus, the direction gets deviated

the closer the e- to the nucleus, the greater the deviation

energy lost due to deviation creates X-Rays

Question 32

More deviation =

Answer 32

more energy

if it stops (hits the nucleus) that is the maximum x-ray produced

Question 33

T or F

All e- do not attain the same velocity

Answer 33

True

Some e- move at higher velocities than others depending on the kV

Question 34

The higher the kV

Answer 34

the more energy and quantity of the X-rays

Question 35

How does Bremsstrahlung radiation increase?

Answer 35

Bremsstrahlung radiation increases with increasing the voltage (kV) and the atomic number of the target (Z#)

Question 36

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

Answer 36

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

1.) e- travels towards nucleus
gets deflected (thrown off it's coarse while it gets closer)
it slows down while it's deflected (Changing Directions)
the more it changes it's direction, the more it deaccelerates, the stronger the x-ray that is emitted

2.)When an e- collides/hits a nucleus, the e- will be able to emit the maximum x-ray possible when the e- is brought to a complete stop

Question 37

Bremsstrahlung Radiation

the higher the deviation

Answer 37

the stronger the x-ray that will be created