Lecture 1 History of Radiology Flashcards
Who is the discoverer of X-Rays?
Croatian Guy but..
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-ray radiation by accident in November 1895
Roentgen generated cathode rays from_
Glass cathode bulbs
also generated x-ray
Nobel prize in 1901
Cathode Bulbs were covered, then what happened?
Colored lights did not come out
but what happened was
some of the photographic plates with (platinocyanide) fluorescing agent on them gave off light
so when bulb was charged, cathode rays were not visable but photographic plates would flourece lights
The further the plate from the cathode charge _
The less the light
The closer the plate to the cathode charge _
the more intense the light
How is voltage boosted?
Coil takes electricity, lots of coils take energy and send to cathode bulb
Older people have _
less biological risk associated to exposure of ionizing radiation
Who produced the first dental radiographs after Roentgen’s announcement of the X-ray discovery?
A German Dentist named Dr. Otto Walkhoff
How was the first dental radiograph taken and who took it?
A small glass photographic plate coated with rubber dam in Dr. Walkhoff’s mouth
The dental radiograph took 25 minutes of exposure
What happened to the original dental radiograph?
Dr. Otto Walkhoff presented it to the U Penn Dentistry when he delivered his guest lecture on February 27, 1928
It was framed by U Penn in 1937
Who is Dr. Walter Konig?
He is a physicist that was able to take dental radiographs using a much shorter exposure time on February 1, 1896
9 mins maxillary
5 mins mandibular
Who invented the first surgical aspirator for dental and medical surgery?
Dr. Edmund Kells
From Louisiana
Met Thomas Edison and was introduced to electricity and the applications of making images
Who was one of the first dentists to hire females?
Dr. Edmund Kells
Who was the first to expose a dental radiograph in the United States?
Dr. Edmund Kells
What did Dr. Edmund Kells do?
- ) Invented first surgical aspirator for dental and medical surgery
- )Was one of the first dentists to fire female dental assistants
- ) Was the first to expose a dental radiograph in the United States
What happened to Dr. Edmund Kells hands?
Too much exposure to radiation
developed sores that wouldn’t heal, wrinkling of the skin, nail beds were splitting, squamous cell carcinoma b/c they would put hand in front of x-ray source until they could get enough electricity to see their bone before exposing it to the patient
secondary infections, hard to heal, leads to amputations, could not cope with it..
What do we expect to see with current x-ray quality?
Should be able to see: teeth alveolar bone cortical bone change in teeth themselves enamel tissue dentin tissue soft tissue pulp tissue demineralization of tooth structure in different teeth trabecular patterns where diseases affected the normal trabecular patterns
What was the earliest dental unit?
A cathode bulb that gave off radiation in all directions
sensor was held while exposure was being made
20 mins of exposure back in the day as opposed to less than half of a second today
patient could not move, same as today
patients could get electrical burns because devices were unsafe
Who was William David Coolidge?
Engineer at G.E. in NY
Task was to make x-ray equipment more mobile to evaluate soldiers on the battle field in France during WWI
Didn’t develop anything for first world war
Took research and made a smaller cathode tube (x-ray tube), didn’t use gas but instead used a metal filament as a source for e- to make x-rays
it was shielded for electrical and radiation purposes and was suspended with extension arms to be more adaptable to patient positioning in 1921 or 1923
What did William David Coolidge do?
Took research and made a smaller cathode tube (x-ray tube), didn’t use gas but instead used a metal filament as a source for e- to make x-rays
it was shielded for electrical and radiation purposes and was suspended with extension arms to be more adaptable to patient positioning in 1921 or 1923
Made everything smaller and more portable; design is still used today
When did Hand-held Dental X-ray units come out?
Around 2005
Cost around 9k
Wall mounted ones are about half the price
What is the problem with Hand-held Dental X-ray units?
almost in the path of the primary beam
not really protected from radiation safety aspect
have to be replaced every 5 to 7 years because they get dropped
parts and battery replacement
