lecture 4 (police organizations) Flashcards
What is the main purpose of the ‘defund police’ movement?
Questioning the role of police in contemporary society
What is the ratio of police officers to the population in Canada?
About 2 officers for every 1000 Canadians
What proportion of police duties is crime fighting?
Only about 1/3 of their duties
What is the primary focus of police services in Canada today?
Service provision rather than strictly responding to crimes
What are the four eras of Canadian policing?
- Pre-modern
- Political
- Professional
- Community policing
What approach to justice did Indigenous peoples use prior to European settlement in Canada?
Restorative justice approach
Who is considered the father of modern policing?
Sir Robert Peel
What is one of Peel’s principles of policing?
To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force
What characterized the Political Era of policing in Canada?
Police services controlled by political and financial elite
What was a significant change during the Professional Era of policing?
Incorporated centralized approach and applied command and control techniques
What is a key aspect of community policing?
Citizen involvement
What are the three pillars of community policing?
- Citizen involvement
- Problem solving / problem-oriented approach
- Decentralization
What is a major challenge of community policing?
Mistrust of the police in troubled neighborhoods
How many types of police organizations exist in Canada?
4 types
What is the largest police service in Canada?
The RCMP with 18,000 officers
What is the per capita cost of policing in Canada for 2014-2015?
$391
What is the First Nations Policing Program?
Canada’s comprehensive national policing strategy for Aboriginal people
What are the five core roles outlined in Ontario’s Police Services Act?
- Crime prevention
- Law enforcement
- Assistance to victims of crime
- Public order maintenance
- Emergency response
Fill in the blank: The police also respond to crimes and investigate, which are key roles carried out by the _______.
[police]
True or False: Most police duties are related to fighting crime.
False
What is a controversial practice that involves collecting information about people not under arrest?
Carding
What is often a challenge for police services when assisting victims of crime?
Accessibility of victim services, especially in rural and remote areas
What type of issues do police attempt to resolve informally during public order maintenance?
Acts that are not criminal but reduce quality of life
What is the expectation of police during emergencies or natural disasters?
To coordinate responses to all forms of emergencies where public safety is threatened
