Lecture 4 - Phonics Flashcards
What is phonics?
link between sound-letter relationship
used in reading and writing
What is the success rate with the alphabetic principle?
75% will get it, 25% won’t and need extra practice
Which is more important: knowing letter names, or letter sounds?
LETTER SOUNDS
What is the alphabetic code comprised of?
- 44 sounds mapped onto pictures (letters)
What can the alphabetic code be divided into?
basic and complex code
Is there a correct order to teach phonics?
NOPE (generally simple to complex)
Phonics: What are we shooting for by the end of SK, grade 1, and grade 2?
SK: letter sounds for simple consonants and short vowels
1: consonant and vowel digraphs, diphthongs, and r-controlled vowels
2: less freq. word patterns (-ough) and affixes should be introduced
Phonics: If you don’t get a correct response while screening, what should you do?
- record exactly what you hear
- focus on the vowels
What should phonic instruction be?
- systematic
- multi-sensory
- taught early
What is the general sequence to teaching the basic code?
1) 4-6 consonants and 1 short vowel
2) continue adding basic code
3) add consonant blends
4) add consonant and vowel digraphs
Will children have more issues with consonant or vowel sounds? Why?
Vowel sounds! Because long vowels aren’t represented by a single letter which makes them more difficult (and multiple vowel-combos can make the same long vowel sound, such as a_e and ey)
What does it mean by “the alphabetic code is reversible”?
Reading (decoding) and spelling (encoding) are mirror images of the same process, and should be taught together
What is decoding? Encoding?
D = sight to brain E = brain to sight
Decoding and Encoding: What are we shooting for by the end of SK, grade 1, grade 2, grade 3?
SK: read and spell VC, CV, and CVC words
1: read and spell words comprised of basic code
2: be approaching end of complex code for decoding and encoding
3: practicing their skills in prep for reading to learn
Decoding and Encoding: what are the two ways we can screen?
- Assessment of Decoding
- Words Their Way (Primary)
What could happen is struggling writers use invented spelling?
mistakes become habits that are too difficult to undo
What activities are positive correlates to reading?
- tracing/copying letters
- writing/coping corrected spelled words and phrases
What are the 5 reading and spelling stages?
1) Emergent speller = emergent reader
2) Letter-name alphabetic spelling = Beginner reader
3) Within word pattern spelling = transitional reader
4) Syllables and affixes spelling = intermediate reader
5) Derivational relations speller = advanced reader
At each of the stages, how old are you?
1) Pre-K - mid grade 1
2) K - early grade 3
3) grade 1 - mid grade 4
4) grade 3 - grade 8
5) grade 5+
What are the two types of emergent reading?
pretend reading and reading from memory
What are the three types of emergent writing?
- early (they make scribbles)
- middle (recognize that print has meaning)
- late (use letters to represent speech sounds)
What are the six stages of emergent writing?
1) random marks
2) representational drawing
3) drawing distinct from writing
4) letter like
5) symbol salad
6) partial phonetic
What’s the literacy diet for emergent stage?
- oral lang: interactive read aloud
- PA: syllable/word awareness, initial sound ident
- phonics: sound pic sort, environ print, letter formation
- concepts of print: directionality, punctuation
In the beginner reader stage, what is there an increased reliance on?
- sight vocab
- ability to figure out unfamiliar words using a buncha decoding strategies
What is the difference between sight words and high freq words?
- sight words can’t be decoded (ex. ‘the’ and ‘of’) and are stored in memory
- high freq. words are the most commonly occurring words in print (ex. ‘my’ and ‘from’)
What are letter-name alphabetic spellers?
children who can read their own work and it can usually be understood by others
What’s the literacy diet for the beginning reader stage?
- oral lang: advanced concept sort
- PA: sound ID, blend, segmentation
- phonics: short vowels, consonant digraphs/blends
- sight words: word bank/wall
Who are the ‘Wright Brothers’ of reading?
Transitional readers (they have taken flight but have limited elevation)
What is the transitional reader starting to do?
- read most single-syllable words accurately
- read 2-3 syllable words with contextual support
- beginning to recognize patterns and chunks to analyze unfamiliar words
What does the added fluency give a transitional reader?
- more time to concentrate on ideas (leads to greater sophistication to express idea)
What’s the literacy diet for the transitional reader?
- Oral lang, concepts, vocab: schemas, homophones
- vowels: short, consonant digraphs and blends, r controlled
- sight words/high freq words: word banks/walls
In what stage does the shift from ‘learning to read’ to ‘reading to learn’ happen?
intermediate reader stage
What’s the literacy diet for the intermediate reader?
- Oral lang, concepts, and vocab (semantic brainstorms, semantic mapping, use of directions
- Word study (“e-drop, double, no change” for -ing, compound word sort)
