Lecture 2 - Narratives and Vocabulary Flashcards
What are narratives?
Stories that are real or imaginary retells of a past event
What are the three basic ways to analyze narrative structure?
1) Story grammar
2) Cohesion
3) Story Art
Explain story grammar.
- the structural elements of a narrative
- narratives = setting + episodes
- settings = person, place, time, conditions
- episodes = problem + internal response
What are the levels of episodic complexity?
- incomplete (no ending)
- abbreviated (no middle)
- complete (complication + internal response)
- elaborated (variety of motivations, plans, etc.)
- interactive (episodes from many perspectives)
Explain cohesion.
causal links within a narrative
What are the types of cohesion?
- conjunction (then, however)
- reference (when to say a name vs. a pronoun)
- lexical (frog-frog vs. frog-amphibian)
- structural (tense agreement)
Explain story art.
MAGIC
What are some examples of story art?
- appendages (once upon a time)
- orientations (giving names, roles, etc. to characters)
- evaluations (modifiers, dialogue, feelings, etc.)
What are the key elements of narrative intervention?
- repeated opportunities for skill learning
- intensity of instruction
- support of targeted skills
- explicit skill focus
What are the four types of vocabulary?
- listening
- speaking
- reading
- writing
What is the largest vocab?
listening
What is the smallest vocab?
writing
How do children learn word meanings indirectly?
- through daily conversations with adults and other kiddies
- by listening to adults read to them
- by reading on their own
Why do kids with LI have trouble indirectly learning words?
- don’t engage in conversations as often
- don’t alert to new/interesting words
- don’t listen carefully when read to
- don’t read on they own as often
What are four variables that influence vocabulary development?
quantity, frequency, quality, and context
What do poor receptive skills look like?
daydreaming and behaviour issues
What do poor expressive skills look like?
vague terminology, lack of participation, etc.
What do poor word retrieval skills look like?
high receptive skills and low expressive skills
What are the key elements of lexical intervention?
- repeated exposure to new words
- intensity of instruction
- useful word learning strategies
- explicit word instruction
What are some useful strategies for word learning?
- use antonyms
- teach word parts
- have kids make up original sentences
- teach “in-flight” (when it’s meaningful)
What words do we explicitly teach?
Tier 2 words
What are some classroom strategies for teaching receptive language?
- lots of repetition
- use visuals
- give breaks
What are some classroom strategies for teaching expressive language?
- phonological memory tasks
- give more yes/no questions and less open-ended questions
What are some classroom strategies for teaching word retrieval?
- circumlocution
- semantic and phonemic cues
- give more time
