Lecture 2 - Narratives and Vocabulary

Question 1

What are narratives?

Answer 1

Stories that are real or imaginary retells of a past event

Question 2

What are the three basic ways to analyze narrative structure?

Answer 2

1) Story grammar
2) Cohesion
3) Story Art

Question 3

Explain story grammar.

Answer 3

• the structural elements of a narrative
• narratives = setting + episodes
• settings = person, place, time, conditions
• episodes = problem + internal response

Question 4

What are the levels of episodic complexity?

Answer 4

• incomplete (no ending)
• abbreviated (no middle)
• complete (complication + internal response)
• elaborated (variety of motivations, plans, etc.)
• interactive (episodes from many perspectives)

Question 5

Explain cohesion.

Answer 5

causal links within a narrative

Question 6

What are the types of cohesion?

Answer 6

• conjunction (then, however)
• reference (when to say a name vs. a pronoun)
• lexical (frog-frog vs. frog-amphibian)
• structural (tense agreement)

Question 7

Explain story art.

Answer 7

MAGIC

Question 8

What are some examples of story art?

Answer 8

• appendages (once upon a time)
• orientations (giving names, roles, etc. to characters)
• evaluations (modifiers, dialogue, feelings, etc.)

Question 9

What are the key elements of narrative intervention?

Answer 9

• repeated opportunities for skill learning
• intensity of instruction
• support of targeted skills
• explicit skill focus

Question 10

What are the four types of vocabulary?

Answer 10

• listening
• speaking
• reading
• writing

Question 11

What is the largest vocab?

Answer 11

listening

Question 12

What is the smallest vocab?

Answer 12

writing

Question 13

How do children learn word meanings indirectly?

Answer 13

• through daily conversations with adults and other kiddies
• by listening to adults read to them
• by reading on their own

Question 14

Why do kids with LI have trouble indirectly learning words?

Answer 14

• don’t engage in conversations as often
• don’t alert to new/interesting words
• don’t listen carefully when read to
• don’t read on they own as often

Question 15

What are four variables that influence vocabulary development?

Answer 15

quantity, frequency, quality, and context

Question 16

What do poor receptive skills look like?

Answer 16

daydreaming and behaviour issues

Question 17

What do poor expressive skills look like?

Answer 17

vague terminology, lack of participation, etc.

Question 18

What do poor word retrieval skills look like?

Answer 18

high receptive skills and low expressive skills

Question 19

What are the key elements of lexical intervention?

Answer 19

• repeated exposure to new words
• intensity of instruction
• useful word learning strategies
• explicit word instruction

Question 20

What are some useful strategies for word learning?

Answer 20

• use antonyms
• teach word parts
• have kids make up original sentences
• teach “in-flight” (when it’s meaningful)

Question 21

What words do we explicitly teach?

Answer 21

Tier 2 words

Question 22

What are some classroom strategies for teaching receptive language?

Answer 22

• lots of repetition
• use visuals
• give breaks

Question 23

What are some classroom strategies for teaching expressive language?

Answer 23

• phonological memory tasks

- give more yes/no questions and less open-ended questions

Question 24

What are some classroom strategies for teaching word retrieval?

Answer 24

• circumlocution
• semantic and phonemic cues
• give more time