Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Virology > Lecture 4: Parvo viruses and circoviruses > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Parvo viruses and circoviruses Flashcards

0
Q

clinical signs of porcine parvovirus

A

usually seen in gilts that are not immune and bred to new boar

  • no clinical disease in non-pregnant sows
  • abortion uncommon

sow may be rebred without trouble bc they are immune after infection!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

general characteristics of parvoviruses and circoviruses

A
  • small icosahedral virion with linear ssDNA
  • eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions!!
  • naked: therefore environmentally resistant**
  • replicate in nucleus of rapidly dividing cells**
  • –> GI tract = diarrhea
  • –> WBC = panleukopenia
  • –> pregnancy = SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, ED = embryonic death, Infertility)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transmission of parvo virus in pigs

A
  • found in boar semen, testicles and feces - can be shed continouously
  • virus can survive for 135 days in swine pens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

dx of parvovirus in pigs

A

mummified fetus - best sample for IF/PCR

serology if no fetus available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prevention of parvovirus in pigs

A
  • vaccination 3 - 4 weeks prior to breeding

- vaccinate when maternal antibodies drop bc they can interfere with immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

feline panleukopenia virus general characteristics

A

caused by parvo virus

  • highly contagious
  • often fatal (more severe in kittens)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transmission of feline panleukopenia virus

A

direct: feces, urine, saliva, vomit of infected cats
indirect: contaminated fomites of fleas
vertical transmission
virus shed in urine and feces up to 6 weeks after recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinical signs of feline panleukopenia virus

A

peracute disease > 104 = death
if cat survives: lethary, anorexia, vomiting of yellow fluid, early fever followed by hypothermia
GIT: palpably swollen and filled with gas/liquid
- most significant aspect is that since GI has been compromised, animal can no longer take in any fluid or nutrients. so hydration is most important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

clinical signs of in uteruo infection of feline panleukopenia virus

A

cerebellar hypoplasia - loss of balance, broad-based stance, ataxia tremor,etc

stunted growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

diagnosis of feline panleukopenia virus

A

clinical signs
CBC/chemistry (profound leukopenia, hypoalbuminemia)
canine ELISA for CPV-2
PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tx and prevention of feline panleukopenia virus

A

tx: supportive + antibiotics
prevention: vaccination, disinfection of environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

canine parvovirus: disease characteristics

A

occurs in puppies less than 6 months of age

  • panzootic of high morbidity and mortality
  • families susceptible to natural infection: canines (includes foxes and coyotes), mustelidae (minks, ferrets), felidae (cats and large cats)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clinical signs: canine parvovirus

A

severe disease most common in rapidly growing puppies
enteritis syndrome (vomiting and bloody diarrhea)
septic shock due to intestinal villi destruction and translocation of bacteria
myocarditis if puppies are infected in utero (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dx and tx of canine parvovirus

A
  • clinical signs and smell!
  • CBC/chem: hypoalbunemia, neutropenia
  • ELISA snap test - CPV-2 in feces

tx: fluids, abx, antiemetics, esophagitis therapy (H2 receptor antagonists for vomiting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

prevention of canine parvovirus-2

A

vaccination: maternal antibodies will interfere with vaccination
disinfection (bleach)
reduce exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Circoviruses - general stuff (architecture, shape, which species it infects, replication process)

A
  • smallest known DNA virus of vertebrates
  • naked, icosahedral shape
  • circular, ssDNA
  • pathogens of bird and swine
  • replication occurs in cell nucleus of rapidly dividing cells. virus produces large basophilic intracytoplasmic and occasionally intranuclear inclusion bodies
  • persistent infection is common
16
Q

what virus causes post-weaning polysystemic wasting syndrome?

A

porcine circavirus-2

17
Q

post-weaning polysystemic wasting syndrome: general characteristics

A
  • effects immune system targeting macrophages and lymphocytes
  • causes granulomatous infalmmation in lymph tissue, lungs, liver and heart intestine
  • macrophages show large “botryoid” basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
  • lymphocyte depletion and reticuloendothelial cell hyperplasia
18
Q

clinical signs of porcine circovirus-2

A

emaciation, hemmorhagic epidermitis associated with necrotic vasculitis and arteritis, respiratory disease

19
Q

diagnosis of porcine circovirus-2: postweaning polysystemic wasting syndrome

A
  • quantitation of viral load by qPCR in lymphoid cells is important
  • IHC/IF of infected tissues
20
Q

management of postweaning polysystemic wasting syndrome

A
  • only use semen from clean boars
  • practice all-in/all-out system
  • ensure piglets get lots of colostrum
  • dont use equipment between litters without disinfection
21
Q

environment and control for postweaning polysystemic wasting syndrome

A

environment: appropriate temp/humidity, consider other vaccination that reduce coinfections (ie parvo)
control: vaccine - inactivated subunits

22
Q

what virus causes psittacine beak and feather disease?

A

circovirus

23
Q

general characteristics of psittacine beak and feather disease

A
  • debilitating progrssive disease of cockatoos, parrots, budgerigars
  • targets the feather follicles, beak and claws (growing cells) –> necrosis and feather malformation
24
Q

clinical signs of psittacine beak and feather disease

A
  • increase number of feathers affected after each molt

- infected birds are highly infectious and will transmit virus vertically/horizontally and contaminate their environment

25
Q

pathogenesis of psittacine beak and feather disease

A

virus replicates in the basal epithelial layer of feather follicles, beak and claw

  • leads to development of “botryoid” basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions int he follicular epithelium
  • progressive disease causes immunosuppresion
26
Q

dx of psittacine beak and feather disease

A
  • CS
  • inclusions in biopsy
  • PCR of DNA from feather tips
  • EM, immunohistochemistry, IF
27
Q

prevention and control of psittacine beak and feather disease

A
  • common subclinical infection therefore high prevalence
  • strict hygiene, continuous testing, lengthy quarantine
  • neutralizing Abs are protective
  • no vax
28
Q

what virus causes chicken anemia virus disease?

A

circovirus

29
Q

general characteristics of chicken anemia virus

A

chickens are only host
worldwide
disease only occurs during first 2 - 3weeks of life even though chickens of all ages are susceptible to infection
very resistant to disinfectants - use bleach

30
Q

transmission of chicken anemia disease

A

vertical

horizontal: direct/fomites

31
Q

clinical signs of chicken anemia virus

A
  • only specific sign is anemia
  • loss of hemacytoblasts
  • generalized lymphoid depletion
  • immunosuppresion
32
Q

dx, prevention and control of chicken anemia virus

A

dx: presumptive diagnosis - history + clinical signs, and PCR, IF, IHC, ELISA

prevention and control: vaccine - live-modified

Virology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions