Lecture 4 OTHER DISEASES OF SMALL RUMINANTS Flashcards
parasites of small rum such as Bovicola (Damalinia) limbata and Linognathus sp.
Lice (Pediculosis)
-Bovicola (Damalinia) limbata = Biting lice
-Linognathus sp. = blood sucking lice
*Clinical signs
-Blood loss
-Alopecia
-Damage to fleece
-Secondary bacterial infection
*Diagnosis
-PE
-Demonstration of lice or nits
-Plucking
-Combing (flea comb)
-Area of collection: withers, brisket, shoulders
*Treatment
-Pour on VS Spray
-Dust VS Dip
t or f: Fenvalerate is the safest and most effective
f. Permethrins safest. Fenvalerate causes milk conntamination
-Boophilus microplus
-Rhipicephalus sp.
are example of what parasite
ticks
concern of ticks
-Anaplasma ovis
-Babesia ovis
control of ticks
-Eradication is difficult
-Insecticide application 2-3 week interval
-Burning of pasture (cultivation of land)
-Biological control such as entomopathogenic
fungi, nematodes, bacteria
-Vaccines against parasite (reduces
environmental contamination)
causes Rickettsial disease, also Spread via contaminated needles, dehorning
tools, and other surgical instruments
Anaplasmosis
clinical signs include Pallor, dyspnea, weakness, anorexia,
depression, icterus (severe)
Anaplasmosis
diagnosis of anaplasmosis
-Blood smear (Giemsa stain)
-Serology: ELISA, Agglutination test
-Inoculation of splenectomized goat
-Necropsy: thin, watery blood, jaundice of
tissue, enlarged liver
tx of anaplasmosis
-Oxytetracycline:
-10mg/kg IM for 2 days (SR)
-20mg/kg 1x week for 2-4 wks (cattle)
also called Hemoparasitic protozoan disease (B. motasi)
-Significant economic losses
-Extravascular hemolysis
Babesiosis
Fever (41.7°C), Anorexia, Weakness,
Hemoglobinuria, Death (48hrs after onset Cs)
are clinical signs of?
what is the tx?
babesiosis
-Imidocarb-1-2mg/kg once
caused by Psoroptes sp.
-Sheep scab
-Scaly crust on wooly area
mange
Common in sheep
-Foot or Leg Mange
is caused by??
Chorioptes sp.
Hyperkeratosis
-Ear mange (goat)
is caused by?
Sarcoptes sp.
non-puritic papules and nodules develop over
the face, neck, shoulders and sides (Goats)
-nodules contain thick, waxy, grayish materials
caused by?
demodex
tx for mange?
-Amitraz
-Ivermectin
-Demodex - No satisfactory treatment
-Incision of the nodules and painting
with tincture of iodine
clinical signs include Conjunctivitis, blepharitis, photophobia,
keratitis, opacity, ulceration, perforation,
permanent fibrosis
Eye worm (Thelazia sp)
-Inflammation of the cornea & conjunctiva due
to a G- bacteria (Moraxella bovis)
-Common in intensive rearing
-Flies serve as vectors
what dz is dis
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)
-Usually acute and spread rapidly
-Photophobia, blepharospasm, excessive
lacrimation
-Rarely advances beyond a mild corneal opacity,
with ulcer & conjunctivitis
-Blindness
these clinical signs are for??
Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)
tx for IKC
-Only to those with obvious corneal involvement
-Tetracycline/Polymixin B, Penicillin,
Streptomycin, Nitrofurazone, Erythromycin
-Teramycin ointment 2-4 times a day
dz that causes abortion?
Brucellosis
B. melitensis
B. ovis -
causes Contagious abortion, Bangs disease
-Causes chills, weakness, lethargy, aches and
pains and headaches in humans
B. ovis
what dz is this if the clinical signs include:
-Perinatal mortality
-Orchitis
-Epididymitis
-Still birth, weak lambs, retained placenta,
reduced milk production
-Causes autolysis of fetuses
-Secreted via milk, seminal fluid and uterine
fluid
brucellosis
what can bbe seen during necropsy in brucellosis
-Placentitis, Necrosis of cotyledons, placental
edema
-Hemorrahgic cotyledons
diagnosis and tx for brucellosis
*Diagnosis
-ELISA, Fluorescent antibody examination
-Serum agglutination tests
-Microscopic examination
-Brucella milk ring test (blue ring as + result)
= problem in false positive result for vaccinated
herd
*Treatment
-Not practical (better to slaughter herd/flock)
-Zoonotic
-Shedding
Zoonotic (concern in pregnant and or immunocompromised humans)
causes:
-Embryonic resorption
-Mummification
-Stillbirth
-Weak young
-Perinatal death
toxoplasmosis
diagnosis for toxoplasmosis
elisa and agglutination test
how to prevent toxoplasmosis
-Prevent exposure to cat feces
-Proper disposal of aborted fetus and placenta
White foci of mineralization in cotyledons
toxoplasmosis
g - corkscrew bacteria
Campylobacter fetus
-Edematous placenta
-Necrosis of cotyledon
-Clinical signs will depend on age, species and
host species
-Zoonotic (causes GIT disturbances in humans)
*Necropsy
Lesions (necrosis) on the liver from an aborted
fetus
*Diagnosis
-Culture
-PCR
*Treatment
-clindamycin, gentamicin, tetracyclines,
erythromycin and cephalosporins but some are
resistant to flouroquinolones
=penicillin and trimethoprim varies in effectivity
what dz is this
Campylobacteriosis
aka Cheesy gland
Caseous lymphadenitis
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic contagious dz. t or f
t
(G+
coccobacillus) - hardy bacteria that can survive
fomites for 2 months and in soil for 8 months
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
-Lymph nodes usually affected in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Submandibular,
Prescapular, Prefemoral, Parotid, Inguinal,
Supramammary
superficial form is for sheep while visceral form is for goat. t or f
f. baliktad
-Loss of weight (“thin ewe syndrome”)
-Poor wool production
-Decrease in milk production
-Abscesses of LN (recurring abscess)
-Laminated or onion ring lesion
- No odor of purulent discharge
what dz iz dis
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
culture (FNAB)
treatments are effective against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. t or f
f. for culling na. zoonotic
this type of mastitis has hard udder, appears after bbirthing, no tx
Retroviral mastitis
-Contagious agalactia in sheep
-Spreads via milk, urine, feces and discharges
Mycoplasma mastitis
clinical signs of mycoplasma mastitis
-Purulent mastitis & agalactia
-Keratoconjunctivitis or arthritis in suckling kid
or lamb
-Mortalities
-Associated with respiratory disease and
abortion
-Udder atrophy (next parturition)
tx of mycoplasma mastitis
Tetracycline
-Tylosin
-Fluoroquinolones
-Erythromycin
no satis. tx
-Gangrenous mastitis
-Staphylococcus aureus-most frequent cause
-penicillin resistan
what dz?
Bacterial mastitis
tx for bact. mastitis
-Not practical
-Bacterins given to dry animals
-Acute or mild form - broad spectrum antibiotics
(parenteral & intramammary)
how to prevent mastitis
“Dip each teat in a teat dip cup!”
-Aka: ketosis, twin lamb disease, hypoglycemia,
lambing paralysis
-Metabolic disease
-Late gestation (each fetus require 30-40g of
glucose/d)
-Over conditioned dam (hepatic lipidosis)
-Low blood glucose - Compensation
(gluconeogenesis)= breakdown of fats = ketone
formation
Pregnancy toxemia
clinical signs for Pregnancy toxemia
-Dull eyes
-Decrease in appetite
-Teeth grinding
-Fine tremors
-Reclines often
-Listless
-Aimless walking
-Weakness & recumbency
-Neurologic abnormalities
-Metabolic acidosis
-Ketone breath
-Coma
tx for pregnancy toxemia
-Propylene glycol (glucose precursor): 60ml
2-3x a day
-Vitamin B
-Give good quality roughage
-Avoid sudden change in diet
-Surgery (emergency CS)
diagnosis for pregnancy toxemia
Urine Ketone
- Serum BHB (betahydroxybuterate) level
- Hypoglecemia not usually noted
Monitored world wide because it decreases
lifetime productivity of animals
-Blood screening
-Lentivirus (RNA virus)– “Trojan horse
strategy”
*Transmission
-Colostrum
- Direct contact
-Blood
-Virus carries for life (symptomless)
*Clinical signs (HAPPE)
-5 Forms:
-Hard udder
-Arthritis
-Pneumonia
-Progressive weight loss
-Encephalitis
CAE (Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis)
TX diagnosis and prevention of CAE
*Treatment
-None
-NSAIDs
*Diagnosis
-ELISA
-Necropsy findings
-PCR
*Prevention
-Screening 2x a year for 5 years
-Proper colostrum intake of non infected herd
-Cull
this dz has a lock jaw and spasm and Sawhorse stance
as clinical signs
Tetanus
caused by Clostridium tetani toxin
-Puncture wounds
-Docking
-Surgery
tetanus
tx for tetanus
Tetanus toxoid (prophylaxis)
-Aseptic surgical condition
-Tetanus antitoxin (treatment)
-Penicillin
-Broad spectrum antibiotic
-Diazepam: 0.5-1.5mg/kg IV to effect
etiologic agents for scrapie
-Prion – Proteinase resistant protein
-Virino – Hybrid particle (non translated nucleic
acid)
-Resistant
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
(TSE)
-Fatal neurologic disease
scrapie
CS, tx, and diagnosis for scrapie
Clinical signs
-Behavioral changes
-Rabbit hopping
-Incoordination
-Ataxia
-Tremors
-Intense pruritus
-PD/PU
*Diagnosis
-Cs and microscopic examination of CNS
-Immunoblotting
-Electron microscopy
-Prevalence is unknown
*Treatment
-None
-Zoonotic
aka orf. what dz?
sore mouth
in Goat: Contagious pustular dermatitis
in Sheep: Contagious ecthyma, Scabby mouth
t or f?
T
caused by Pox (Parapox virus)
sore mouth
sore mouth is not self limiting
f. Self limiting (1-4 weeks) - scabs fall off
