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ruminants > Lecture 4 OTHER DISEASES OF SMALL RUMINANTS > Flashcards

Lecture 4 OTHER DISEASES OF SMALL RUMINANTS Flashcards

1
Q

parasites of small rum such as Bovicola (Damalinia) limbata and Linognathus sp.

A

Lice (Pediculosis)
-Bovicola (Damalinia) limbata = Biting lice
-Linognathus sp. = blood sucking lice
*Clinical signs
-Blood loss
-Alopecia
-Damage to fleece
-Secondary bacterial infection
*Diagnosis
-PE
-Demonstration of lice or nits
-Plucking
-Combing (flea comb)
-Area of collection: withers, brisket, shoulders
*Treatment
-Pour on VS Spray
-Dust VS Dip

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2
Q

t or f: Fenvalerate is the safest and most effective

A

f. Permethrins safest. Fenvalerate causes milk conntamination

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3
Q

-Boophilus microplus
-Rhipicephalus sp.

are example of what parasite

A

ticks

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4
Q

concern of ticks

A

-Anaplasma ovis
-Babesia ovis

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5
Q

control of ticks

A

-Eradication is difficult
-Insecticide application 2-3 week interval
-Burning of pasture (cultivation of land)
-Biological control such as entomopathogenic
fungi, nematodes, bacteria
-Vaccines against parasite (reduces
environmental contamination)

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6
Q

causes Rickettsial disease, also Spread via contaminated needles, dehorning
tools, and other surgical instruments

A

Anaplasmosis

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7
Q

clinical signs include Pallor, dyspnea, weakness, anorexia,
depression, icterus (severe)

A

Anaplasmosis

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8
Q

diagnosis of anaplasmosis

A

-Blood smear (Giemsa stain)
-Serology: ELISA, Agglutination test
-Inoculation of splenectomized goat
-Necropsy: thin, watery blood, jaundice of
tissue, enlarged liver

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9
Q

tx of anaplasmosis

A

-Oxytetracycline:
-10mg/kg IM for 2 days (SR)
-20mg/kg 1x week for 2-4 wks (cattle)

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10
Q

also called Hemoparasitic protozoan disease (B. motasi)
-Significant economic losses
-Extravascular hemolysis

A

Babesiosis

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11
Q

Fever (41.7°C), Anorexia, Weakness,
Hemoglobinuria, Death (48hrs after onset Cs)

are clinical signs of?
what is the tx?

A

babesiosis

-Imidocarb-1-2mg/kg once

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12
Q

caused by Psoroptes sp.
-Sheep scab
-Scaly crust on wooly area

A

mange

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13
Q

Common in sheep
-Foot or Leg Mange
is caused by??

A

Chorioptes sp.

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14
Q

Hyperkeratosis
-Ear mange (goat)

is caused by?

A

Sarcoptes sp.

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15
Q

non-puritic papules and nodules develop over
the face, neck, shoulders and sides (Goats)
-nodules contain thick, waxy, grayish materials

caused by?

A

demodex

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16
Q

tx for mange?

A

-Amitraz
-Ivermectin
-Demodex - No satisfactory treatment
-Incision of the nodules and painting
with tincture of iodine

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17
Q

clinical signs include Conjunctivitis, blepharitis, photophobia,
keratitis, opacity, ulceration, perforation,
permanent fibrosis

A

Eye worm (Thelazia sp)

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18
Q

-Inflammation of the cornea & conjunctiva due
to a G- bacteria (Moraxella bovis)
-Common in intensive rearing
-Flies serve as vectors

what dz is dis

A

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)

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19
Q

-Usually acute and spread rapidly
-Photophobia, blepharospasm, excessive
lacrimation
-Rarely advances beyond a mild corneal opacity,
with ulcer & conjunctivitis
-Blindness

these clinical signs are for??

A

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC)

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20
Q

tx for IKC

A

-Only to those with obvious corneal involvement
-Tetracycline/Polymixin B, Penicillin,
Streptomycin, Nitrofurazone, Erythromycin
-Teramycin ointment 2-4 times a day

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21
Q

dz that causes abortion?

A

Brucellosis
B. melitensis
B. ovis -

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22
Q

causes Contagious abortion, Bangs disease
-Causes chills, weakness, lethargy, aches and
pains and headaches in humans

A

B. ovis

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23
Q

what dz is this if the clinical signs include:
-Perinatal mortality
-Orchitis
-Epididymitis
-Still birth, weak lambs, retained placenta,
reduced milk production
-Causes autolysis of fetuses
-Secreted via milk, seminal fluid and uterine
fluid

A

brucellosis

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24
Q

what can bbe seen during necropsy in brucellosis

A

-Placentitis, Necrosis of cotyledons, placental
edema
-Hemorrahgic cotyledons

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25
Q

diagnosis and tx for brucellosis

A

*Diagnosis

-ELISA, Fluorescent antibody examination
-Serum agglutination tests
-Microscopic examination
-Brucella milk ring test (blue ring as + result)
= problem in false positive result for vaccinated
herd
*Treatment
-Not practical (better to slaughter herd/flock)
-Zoonotic
-Shedding

26
Q

Zoonotic (concern in pregnant and or immunocompromised humans)

causes:
-Embryonic resorption
-Mummification
-Stillbirth
-Weak young
-Perinatal death

A

toxoplasmosis

27
Q

diagnosis for toxoplasmosis

A

elisa and agglutination test

28
Q

how to prevent toxoplasmosis

A

-Prevent exposure to cat feces
-Proper disposal of aborted fetus and placenta

29
Q

White foci of mineralization in cotyledons

A

toxoplasmosis

30
Q

g - corkscrew bacteria

A

Campylobacter fetus

31
Q

-Edematous placenta
-Necrosis of cotyledon
-Clinical signs will depend on age, species and
host species
-Zoonotic (causes GIT disturbances in humans)
*Necropsy
Lesions (necrosis) on the liver from an aborted
fetus
*Diagnosis
-Culture
-PCR
*Treatment
-clindamycin, gentamicin, tetracyclines,
erythromycin and cephalosporins but some are
resistant to flouroquinolones
=penicillin and trimethoprim varies in effectivity

what dz is this

A

Campylobacteriosis

32
Q

aka Cheesy gland

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

33
Q

Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic contagious dz. t or f

A

t

34
Q

(G+
coccobacillus) - hardy bacteria that can survive
fomites for 2 months and in soil for 8 months

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

35
Q

-Lymph nodes usually affected in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Submandibular,
Prescapular, Prefemoral, Parotid, Inguinal,
Supramammary

36
Q

superficial form is for sheep while visceral form is for goat. t or f

A

f. baliktad

37
Q

-Loss of weight (“thin ewe syndrome”)
-Poor wool production
-Decrease in milk production
-Abscesses of LN (recurring abscess)
-Laminated or onion ring lesion
- No odor of purulent discharge

what dz iz dis

A

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

38
Q

diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

culture (FNAB)

39
Q

treatments are effective against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. t or f

A

f. for culling na. zoonotic

40
Q

this type of mastitis has hard udder, appears after bbirthing, no tx

A

Retroviral mastitis

41
Q

-Contagious agalactia in sheep
-Spreads via milk, urine, feces and discharges

A

Mycoplasma mastitis

42
Q

clinical signs of mycoplasma mastitis

A

-Purulent mastitis & agalactia
-Keratoconjunctivitis or arthritis in suckling kid
or lamb
-Mortalities
-Associated with respiratory disease and
abortion
-Udder atrophy (next parturition)

43
Q

tx of mycoplasma mastitis

A

Tetracycline
-Tylosin
-Fluoroquinolones
-Erythromycin
no satis. tx

44
Q

-Gangrenous mastitis
-Staphylococcus aureus-most frequent cause
-penicillin resistan
what dz?

A

Bacterial mastitis

45
Q

tx for bact. mastitis

A

-Not practical
-Bacterins given to dry animals
-Acute or mild form - broad spectrum antibiotics
(parenteral & intramammary)

46
Q

how to prevent mastitis

A

“Dip each teat in a teat dip cup!”

47
Q

-Aka: ketosis, twin lamb disease, hypoglycemia,
lambing paralysis
-Metabolic disease
-Late gestation (each fetus require 30-40g of
glucose/d)
-Over conditioned dam (hepatic lipidosis)
-Low blood glucose - Compensation
(gluconeogenesis)= breakdown of fats = ketone
formation

A

Pregnancy toxemia

48
Q

clinical signs for Pregnancy toxemia

A

-Dull eyes
-Decrease in appetite
-Teeth grinding
-Fine tremors
-Reclines often
-Listless
-Aimless walking
-Weakness & recumbency
-Neurologic abnormalities
-Metabolic acidosis
-Ketone breath
-Coma

49
Q

tx for pregnancy toxemia

A

-Propylene glycol (glucose precursor): 60ml
2-3x a day
-Vitamin B
-Give good quality roughage
-Avoid sudden change in diet
-Surgery (emergency CS)

50
Q

diagnosis for pregnancy toxemia

A

Urine Ketone
- Serum BHB (betahydroxybuterate) level
- Hypoglecemia not usually noted

51
Q

Monitored world wide because it decreases
lifetime productivity of animals
-Blood screening
-Lentivirus (RNA virus)– “Trojan horse
strategy”
*Transmission
-Colostrum
- Direct contact
-Blood
-Virus carries for life (symptomless)
*Clinical signs (HAPPE)
-5 Forms:
-Hard udder
-Arthritis
-Pneumonia
-Progressive weight loss
-Encephalitis

A

CAE (Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis)

52
Q

TX diagnosis and prevention of CAE

A

*Treatment
-None
-NSAIDs
*Diagnosis
-ELISA
-Necropsy findings

-PCR
*Prevention
-Screening 2x a year for 5 years
-Proper colostrum intake of non infected herd
-Cull

53
Q

this dz has a lock jaw and spasm and Sawhorse stance
as clinical signs

A

Tetanus

54
Q

caused by Clostridium tetani toxin
-Puncture wounds
-Docking
-Surgery

A

tetanus

55
Q

tx for tetanus

A

Tetanus toxoid (prophylaxis)
-Aseptic surgical condition
-Tetanus antitoxin (treatment)
-Penicillin
-Broad spectrum antibiotic
-Diazepam: 0.5-1.5mg/kg IV to effect

56
Q

etiologic agents for scrapie

A

-Prion – Proteinase resistant protein
-Virino – Hybrid particle (non translated nucleic
acid)
-Resistant

57
Q

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies
(TSE)
-Fatal neurologic disease

A

scrapie

58
Q

CS, tx, and diagnosis for scrapie

A

Clinical signs
-Behavioral changes
-Rabbit hopping
-Incoordination
-Ataxia
-Tremors
-Intense pruritus
-PD/PU
*Diagnosis
-Cs and microscopic examination of CNS
-Immunoblotting
-Electron microscopy
-Prevalence is unknown
*Treatment
-None
-Zoonotic

59
Q

aka orf. what dz?

A

sore mouth

60
Q

in Goat: Contagious pustular dermatitis
in Sheep: Contagious ecthyma, Scabby mouth

t or f?

A

T

61
Q

caused by Pox (Parapox virus)

A

sore mouth

62
Q

sore mouth is not self limiting

A

f. Self limiting (1-4 weeks) - scabs fall off

ruminants (2 decks)

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