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ruminants > LEC 3: SMALL RUMINANT DISEASES OR DISORDERS > Flashcards

LEC 3: SMALL RUMINANT DISEASES OR DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

Issues on small ruminant diseases

A

Low productivity of small ruminants:
-Poor Health status
-Poor Nutrition & Feeding
-Improper housing
-Inadequate management practices

Others issues:
-Poor marketing system
-Inadequate credit facilities
-Lack of man power and worker
-Unavailability of breeding stocks
-Limited technology

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2
Q

Common health problems

A
  1. Weak, hypoglycemic lambs & kids
  2. Posterior paralysis
  3. Gastrointestinal parasitism
  4. Non-specific respiratory disease
  5. Trauma or injuries
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3
Q

causes of weak lamb or kids

A
  • Multiple causes: (BIP HIP)
    Birth injuries
    Intrauterine malnutrition
    -BCS assessment of dam is needed
    -Directly affects birth weight
    -Affects colostrum production
    Premature or low birth weight
    Hypothermia
    **Hungry and cold small ruminant: Gaunt,
    hunched back appearance with all four limbs
    held in one place
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4
Q

In a scenario where the lambs cannt suckle because of -Mismothering-Agalactia-Birth injuries, primary hypothermia happens. T or F.

A

F. secondary

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5
Q

Exposure to cold environment leading to Greater surface area, Low energy reserves results to primary hypothermia. T or f

A

T

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6
Q

throid enlargment is milk goiter. t or f

A

F. thymic

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7
Q

iron deficiency which affects wool is a true goiter. t or f

A

t

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8
Q

Etiologic agents of post natal infection

A

-E. coli
-Cl. perfringens type B
-S. aureus
-Streptococcus spp
-Corynebacterium spp.
-Salmonella
-Rotavirus

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9
Q

tx and mgt of post natal infection

A

-Clean & warm environment
-Colostrum
Within 6 hrs after birth
50-75ml PO bid
Bottle feeding
Stomach tube
- IP Glucose injection
Comatose
10-25 ml 20% glucose solution

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10
Q

causes of posterior paralysis

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Congenital abnormalities
  3. Infection
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11
Q

example of nutrisional dz

A

-Ca, P & Vit. D deficiency or imbalance
-Angular limb deformities
-Rickets
-Osteodystrophia fibrosa
-White muscle disease
-Skeletal muscle form
-Cardiac form

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12
Q

example of nutritional dz

A

-Ca, P & Vit. D deficiency or imbalance
-Angular limb deformities
-Rickets
-Osteodystrophia fibrosa
-White muscle disease
-Skeletal muscle form
-Cardiac form

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13
Q

tx of nutritional dz

A

-Vit E: 34-68 mg
-Se: 0.75 – 1.5 mg
*Selenium toxicity: overdosage (50x therapeutic dose)

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14
Q

5 non infectious dz

A
  1. Overgrown hooves
  2. Foreign body penetration of the sole
  3. Abscess of the sole - Uncommon
  4. Fracture of the distal phalanx - Water proof
    plaster cast for 6 weeks
  5. Laminitis - Founder
    Due to hoof injury or genetics
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15
Q

this infectious dz is due to moisture accumulation which Leads to invasion of:
* Fusobacterium necrophorum
* Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium)
Pyogenes

A

Interdigital dermatitis & footrot

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16
Q

caused by Bacteroides nodosus

A

Interdigital dermatitis

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17
Q

Goats are more sensitive to moisture than
sheep. t or f

18
Q

tx of interdigital dermatitis

A

a) Hoof trimming
b) Topical medication
Oxytetracycline
Penicillin
c) Hoof dip/soak
Copper sulfate 10%
Formalin 5-10%
Zinc sulfate 10% - Ideal but expensive
**Dip for 2-30 mins

19
Q

Sequel to footrot, wound, infection

A

Foot abscess

20
Q

tx for foot abscess

A

-Remove pus
-Disinfect
-Systemic antibiotics

21
Q

also called contagious pustular dermatitis / Contagious ecthyma/
Scabby mouth

22
Q

other causes of posterior paralysis that is a non-infectious and can be treated
using anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Degenerative arthritis

23
Q

excessive calcium intake
causing deposition in bones

A

Osteopetrosis

24
Q

excessive calcium intake
causing deposition in bones

A

Osteopetrosis

25
Multi-systemic disease that causes progressive paresis (leukoencephalomyelitis in kids) also vertically transmitted
Caprine arthritis encephalomyelitis (CAE)
26
most common cause of diarrhea
Parasitic Gastroenteritis
27
chemical tx program for PG
-Deworming starting at 3 wks of age -Repeat after 3 weeks -Then every 3 months **Program depends on season and finances of the farm
28
non chem tx of PG
=Grazing management =Improved nutrition =Proper housing and provision of clean water =Genetics (Barbados blackberry, St. Croix, Garole sheep, Red Maasi, East African goats) =Ethnoveterinary medicine +Crude extracts of Mimosa pudica (makahiya) and Tinosora rumphii for Haemonchus larvae +Azadirachta indica (neem tree) fresh leaves
29
non chem tx of PG
=Grazing management =Improved nutrition =Proper housing and provision of clean water =Genetics (Barbados blackberry, St. Croix, Garole sheep, Red Maasi, East African goats) =Ethnoveterinary medicine +Crude extracts of Mimosa pudica (makahiya) and Tinosora rumphii for Haemonchus larvae +Azadirachta indica (neem tree) fresh leaves
30
meds for PG
A. Benzamidazoles (1.5-2 times sheep dose rate) -Albendazole, Febantel, Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole, 7.5 mg/kg PO -Mebendazole, 22.5 mg/kg PO B. Levamisole (1.5 times sheep dose rate) -12 mg/kg PO (Levamisole is toxic in goats at dose rates approaching 20 mg/kg) -Do not use injectable preparations C. Avermectins (use sheep dose rate) -Ivermectin, 200 μg/kg PO Examples of drugs for Flukes -Oxyclozanide: 15 mg/kg PO -Albendazole: 7.5 mg/kg PO -Closantel: 10 mg/kg PO Examples of drugs for Tapeworms -Albendazole, 10 mg/kg -Febantel, 7.5 mg/kg -Fenbendazole, 15 mg/kg -Oxfendazole, 10 mg/kg -Praziquantel, 5 mg/kg orally
31
the most important cause of diarrhea in housed kids
Coccidiosis
32
tx for Coccidiosis
Sulphadimidine: 200 mg/kg initial dose then 100 mg/kg SC, IV or PO sid 5 days Sulphamethoxypyridazine: 20 mg/kg sid 3 days Amprolium: 5-10 mg/kg PO sid 3 to 5 days
32
tx for Coccidiosis
Sulphadimidine: 200 mg/kg initial dose then 100 mg/kg SC, IV or PO sid 5 days Sulphamethoxypyridazine: 20 mg/kg sid 3 days Amprolium: 5-10 mg/kg PO sid 3 to 5 days
33
control for coccidiosis
improved hygiene as cornerstone of control
34
Non infectious Resp. dz
-Heat stress -Inhalation pneumonia -Trauma -Airway obstruction -Neoplasia -Allergy (HIT ANA)
35
infectious resp dz
1. Shipping fever Aka: Respiratory disease complex, Pasteurellosis Pasteurella hemolytica & P. multocida Other bacteria: A. pyogenes Staphylococcal spp. Streptococcal spp. Haemophilus spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae Viruses: Parainfluenza CAE – chronic cough and weight loss
36
tx protocol (general) for resp dz
1. Quarantine 2. Control environment 3. Antibiotics 4. NSAID Flunixin meglumine: 2 mg/kg IV or IM Caprofen: 1.4 mg/kg IV or SC Ketoprofen: 3 mg/kg IV or IM Meloxicam: 0.5 mg/kg IV or SC
37
all in all out policy for kids is important prev. mgt protocol. t or f
T
38
Dictyocaulus filarial (Lung worm) is an ex of parasitic resp dz. t or f
t
39
tx dor Dictyocaulus filarial (Lung worm)
Levamisole: 12.5 mg/kg PO Febantel, Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole:7.5 mg/kg PO Mebendazole: 22.5 mg/kg Ivermectin, 10 mg/50 kg
40
spp that causes trauma or injuries in resp
Cutaneous myiasis Lucilia spp. Calliphora spp. Chrysomia spp. Flystrike Breech Body

ruminants (2 decks)

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