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ruminants > LEC 3: SMALL RUMINANT DISEASES OR DISORDERS > Flashcards

LEC 3: SMALL RUMINANT DISEASES OR DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

Issues on small ruminant diseases

A

Low productivity of small ruminants:
-Poor Health status
-Poor Nutrition & Feeding
-Improper housing
-Inadequate management practices

Others issues:
-Poor marketing system
-Inadequate credit facilities
-Lack of man power and worker
-Unavailability of breeding stocks
-Limited technology

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2
Q

Common health problems

A
  1. Weak, hypoglycemic lambs & kids
  2. Posterior paralysis
  3. Gastrointestinal parasitism
  4. Non-specific respiratory disease
  5. Trauma or injuries
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3
Q

causes of weak lamb or kids

A
  • Multiple causes: (BIP HIP)
    Birth injuries
    Intrauterine malnutrition
    -BCS assessment of dam is needed
    -Directly affects birth weight
    -Affects colostrum production
    Premature or low birth weight
    Hypothermia
    **Hungry and cold small ruminant: Gaunt,
    hunched back appearance with all four limbs
    held in one place
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4
Q

In a scenario where the lambs cannt suckle because of -Mismothering-Agalactia-Birth injuries, primary hypothermia happens. T or F.

A

F. secondary

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5
Q

Exposure to cold environment leading to Greater surface area, Low energy reserves results to primary hypothermia. T or f

A

T

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6
Q

throid enlargment is milk goiter. t or f

A

F. thymic

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7
Q

iron deficiency which affects wool is a true goiter. t or f

A

t

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8
Q

Etiologic agents of post natal infection

A

-E. coli
-Cl. perfringens type B
-S. aureus
-Streptococcus spp
-Corynebacterium spp.
-Salmonella
-Rotavirus

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9
Q

tx and mgt of post natal infection

A

-Clean & warm environment
-Colostrum
Within 6 hrs after birth
50-75ml PO bid
Bottle feeding
Stomach tube
- IP Glucose injection
Comatose
10-25 ml 20% glucose solution

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10
Q

causes of posterior paralysis

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Congenital abnormalities
  3. Infection
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11
Q

example of nutrisional dz

A

-Ca, P & Vit. D deficiency or imbalance
-Angular limb deformities
-Rickets
-Osteodystrophia fibrosa
-White muscle disease
-Skeletal muscle form
-Cardiac form

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12
Q

example of nutritional dz

A

-Ca, P & Vit. D deficiency or imbalance
-Angular limb deformities
-Rickets
-Osteodystrophia fibrosa
-White muscle disease
-Skeletal muscle form
-Cardiac form

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13
Q

tx of nutritional dz

A

-Vit E: 34-68 mg
-Se: 0.75 – 1.5 mg
*Selenium toxicity: overdosage (50x therapeutic dose)

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14
Q

5 non infectious dz

A
  1. Overgrown hooves
  2. Foreign body penetration of the sole
  3. Abscess of the sole - Uncommon
  4. Fracture of the distal phalanx - Water proof
    plaster cast for 6 weeks
  5. Laminitis - Founder
    Due to hoof injury or genetics
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15
Q

this infectious dz is due to moisture accumulation which Leads to invasion of:
* Fusobacterium necrophorum
* Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium)
Pyogenes

A

Interdigital dermatitis & footrot

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16
Q

caused by Bacteroides nodosus

A

Interdigital dermatitis

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17
Q

Goats are more sensitive to moisture than
sheep. t or f

A

t

18
Q

tx of interdigital dermatitis

A

a) Hoof trimming
b) Topical medication
Oxytetracycline
Penicillin
c) Hoof dip/soak
Copper sulfate 10%
Formalin 5-10%
Zinc sulfate 10% - Ideal but expensive
**Dip for 2-30 mins

19
Q

Sequel to footrot, wound, infection

A

Foot abscess

20
Q

tx for foot abscess

A

-Remove pus
-Disinfect
-Systemic antibiotics

21
Q

also called contagious pustular dermatitis / Contagious ecthyma/
Scabby mouth

A

orf

22
Q

other causes of posterior paralysis that is a non-infectious and can be treated
using anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Degenerative arthritis

23
Q

excessive calcium intake
causing deposition in bones

A

Osteopetrosis

24
Q

excessive calcium intake
causing deposition in bones

A

Osteopetrosis

25
Q

Multi-systemic disease that causes progressive paresis (leukoencephalomyelitis in kids)

also vertically transmitted

A

Caprine arthritis encephalomyelitis (CAE)

26
Q

most common cause of diarrhea

A

Parasitic Gastroenteritis

27
Q

chemical tx program for PG

A

-Deworming starting at 3 wks of age
-Repeat after 3 weeks
-Then every 3 months
**Program depends on season and finances of
the farm

28
Q

non chem tx of PG

A

=Grazing management
=Improved nutrition
=Proper housing and provision of clean water
=Genetics (Barbados blackberry, St. Croix,
Garole sheep, Red Maasi, East African goats)
=Ethnoveterinary medicine
+Crude extracts of Mimosa pudica (makahiya) and Tinosora rumphii for
Haemonchus larvae
+Azadirachta indica (neem tree) fresh leaves

29
Q

non chem tx of PG

A

=Grazing management
=Improved nutrition
=Proper housing and provision of clean water
=Genetics (Barbados blackberry, St. Croix,
Garole sheep, Red Maasi, East African goats)
=Ethnoveterinary medicine
+Crude extracts of Mimosa pudica (makahiya) and Tinosora rumphii for
Haemonchus larvae
+Azadirachta indica (neem tree) fresh leaves

30
Q

meds for PG

A

A. Benzamidazoles (1.5-2 times sheep dose rate)
-Albendazole, Febantel, Fenbendazole,
Oxfendazole, 7.5 mg/kg PO
-Mebendazole, 22.5 mg/kg PO
B. Levamisole (1.5 times sheep dose rate)
-12 mg/kg PO (Levamisole is toxic in goats at
dose rates approaching 20 mg/kg)
-Do not use injectable preparations
C. Avermectins (use sheep dose rate)
-Ivermectin, 200 μg/kg PO
Examples of drugs for Flukes
-Oxyclozanide: 15 mg/kg PO
-Albendazole: 7.5 mg/kg PO
-Closantel: 10 mg/kg PO
Examples of drugs for Tapeworms
-Albendazole, 10 mg/kg
-Febantel, 7.5 mg/kg
-Fenbendazole, 15 mg/kg
-Oxfendazole, 10 mg/kg
-Praziquantel, 5 mg/kg orally

31
Q

the most important cause of diarrhea in housed kids

A

Coccidiosis

32
Q

tx for Coccidiosis

A

Sulphadimidine: 200 mg/kg initial dose
then 100 mg/kg SC, IV or PO sid 5 days
Sulphamethoxypyridazine: 20 mg/kg sid
3 days
Amprolium: 5-10 mg/kg PO sid 3 to 5
days

32
Q

tx for Coccidiosis

A

Sulphadimidine: 200 mg/kg initial dose
then 100 mg/kg SC, IV or PO sid 5 days
Sulphamethoxypyridazine: 20 mg/kg sid
3 days
Amprolium: 5-10 mg/kg PO sid 3 to 5
days

33
Q

control for coccidiosis

A

improved hygiene as cornerstone of
control

34
Q

Non infectious Resp. dz

A

-Heat stress
-Inhalation pneumonia
-Trauma
-Airway obstruction
-Neoplasia
-Allergy

(HIT ANA)

35
Q

infectious resp dz

A
  1. Shipping fever
    Aka: Respiratory disease complex,
    Pasteurellosis
    Pasteurella hemolytica & P. multocida
    Other bacteria:
    A. pyogenes
    Staphylococcal spp.
    Streptococcal spp.
    Haemophilus spp.
    Klebsiella pneumoniae
    Viruses:
    Parainfluenza
    CAE – chronic cough and weight loss
36
Q

tx protocol (general) for resp dz

A
  1. Quarantine
  2. Control environment
  3. Antibiotics
  4. NSAID
    Flunixin meglumine: 2 mg/kg IV or IM
    Caprofen: 1.4 mg/kg IV or SC
    Ketoprofen: 3 mg/kg IV or IM
    Meloxicam: 0.5 mg/kg IV or SC
37
Q

all in all out policy for kids is important prev. mgt protocol. t or f

A

T

38
Q

Dictyocaulus filarial (Lung worm) is an ex of parasitic resp dz. t or f

A

t

39
Q

tx dor Dictyocaulus filarial (Lung worm)

A

Levamisole: 12.5 mg/kg PO
Febantel, Fenbendazole, Oxfendazole:7.5 mg/kg PO
Mebendazole: 22.5 mg/kg
Ivermectin, 10 mg/50 kg

40
Q

spp that causes trauma or injuries in resp

A

Cutaneous myiasis
Lucilia spp.
Calliphora spp.
Chrysomia spp.
Flystrike
Breech
Body

ruminants (2 decks)

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