Lecture 4 - Neural Controls of Voice and Swallowing Flashcards
The ___ is the outer layer of the cerebrum.
Cerebral cortex (cortex)
The ___ is important for initiating motor movements.
primary motor cortex
The primary motor cortex contains what kind of motor neurons?
UMN (upper motor neurons)
Both the ___ and the ___ are important for planning, initiating, and selecting the correct movement.
Premotor area: important for planning and selecting movements
Supplementary motor area: important for motor imagery and sequential tasks.
what cortical area receives sensory information from the body?
primary sensory cortex
the basal ganglia is in which part of the brain?
Subcortex
The basal ganglia regulate aspects of motor control via the mechanism of ___
Inhibition
The ___ can be described as a relay station.
Thalamus
The ___ is the site of many reflexes involved in respiration, body temperature, swallowing, and digestion.
Brainstem
What specialized nerves come from the brainstem?
Cranial nerves
The cortex exerts ___ of movement, while the cerebellum exerts ___ of movement.
contralateral (opposite side)
ipsilateral (same side)
Somatic nervous system guides what type of movements?
voluntary movements
What type of movements does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
involuntary movements
What nerves in the PNS allow you to feel pain and other sensations?
afferent nerves
What nerves in the PNS connect the CNS to muscles to trigger movement?
efferent nerves
What nerves in the PNS control involuntary function?
autonomic nerves
Upper motor neurons originate from the ___
motor cortex
Upper motor neurons ___ voluntary movement.
initiate
Lower motor neurons originate from the ___ or ___
brain or spinal cord
Lower motor neurons ___ voluntary movement.
execute, carry out
Cranial nerves control which parts of the body?
Head and neck
The Trigeminal nerve (CN V) provides sensory information from the ___ and motor impulses to the muscles of ___.
face; chewing
The Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX, 4) provides ___ information from the back of the tongue, as well as other sensory information from the ___.
taste;
posterior tongue, tonsils, pharynx
The Facial nerve (CN VII, 7) provides ___ information from the front of the tongue and motor impulses to the muscles of the ___.
taste; face
